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Python Runtime Services</a> &#187;</li> <li class="right"> <div class="inline-search" style="display: none" role="search"> <form class="inline-search" action="../search.html" method="get"> <input placeholder="Quick search" type="text" name="q" /> <input type="submit" value="Go" /> <input type="hidden" name="check_keywords" value="yes" /> <input type="hidden" name="area" value="default" /> </form> </div> <script type="text/javascript">$('.inline-search').show(0);</script> | </li> </ul> </div> <div class="document"> <div class="documentwrapper"> <div class="bodywrapper"> <div class="body" role="main"> <div class="section" id="module-site"> <span id="site-site-specific-configuration-hook"></span><h1>29.13. <a class="reference internal" href="#module-site" title="site: Module responsible for site-specific configuration."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">site</span></code></a> — Site-specific configuration hook<a class="headerlink" href="#module-site" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1> <p><strong>Source code:</strong> <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.6/Lib/site.py">Lib/site.py</a></p> <hr class="docutils" /> <p><strong>This module is automatically imported during initialization.</strong> The automatic import can be suppressed using the interpreter’s <a class="reference internal" href="../using/cmdline.html#id3"><code class="xref std std-option docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-S</span></code></a> option.</p> <p id="index-0">Importing this module will append site-specific paths to the module search path and add a few builtins, unless <a class="reference internal" href="../using/cmdline.html#id3"><code class="xref std std-option docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-S</span></code></a> was used. In that case, this module can be safely imported with no automatic modifications to the module search path or additions to the builtins. To explicitly trigger the usual site-specific additions, call the <a class="reference internal" href="#site.main" title="site.main"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">site.main()</span></code></a> function.</p> <div class="versionchanged"> <p><span class="versionmodified">Changed in version 3.3: </span>Importing the module used to trigger paths manipulation even when using <a class="reference internal" href="../using/cmdline.html#id3"><code class="xref std std-option docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-S</span></code></a>.</p> </div> <p id="index-1">It starts by constructing up to four directories from a head and a tail part. For the head part, it uses <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.prefix</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.exec_prefix</span></code>; empty heads are skipped. For the tail part, it uses the empty string and then <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">lib/site-packages</span></code> (on Windows) or <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">lib/python</span><em><span class="pre">X.Y</span></em><span class="pre">/site-packages</span></code> (on Unix and Macintosh). For each of the distinct head-tail combinations, it sees if it refers to an existing directory, and if so, adds it to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.path</span></code> and also inspects the newly added path for configuration files.</p> <div class="versionchanged"> <p><span class="versionmodified">Changed in version 3.5: </span>Support for the “site-python” directory has been removed.</p> </div> <p>If a file named “pyvenv.cfg” exists one directory above sys.executable, sys.prefix and sys.exec_prefix are set to that directory and it is also checked for site-packages (sys.base_prefix and sys.base_exec_prefix will always be the “real” prefixes of the Python installation). If “pyvenv.cfg” (a bootstrap configuration file) contains the key “include-system-site-packages” set to anything other than “false” (case-insensitive), the system-level prefixes will still also be searched for site-packages; otherwise they won’t.</p> <p>A path configuration file is a file whose name has the form <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><em><span class="pre">name</span></em><span class="pre">.pth</span></code> and exists in one of the four directories mentioned above; its contents are additional items (one per line) to be added to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.path</span></code>. Non-existing items are never added to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.path</span></code>, and no check is made that the item refers to a directory rather than a file. No item is added to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.path</span></code> more than once. Blank lines and lines beginning with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">#</span></code> are skipped. Lines starting with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">import</span></code> (followed by space or tab) are executed.</p> <p id="index-2">For example, suppose <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.prefix</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.exec_prefix</span></code> are set to <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/usr/local</span></code>. The Python X.Y library is then installed in <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/usr/local/lib/python</span><em><span class="pre">X.Y</span></em></code>. Suppose this has a subdirectory <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/usr/local/lib/python</span><em><span class="pre">X.Y</span></em><span class="pre">/site-packages</span></code> with three subsubdirectories, <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">foo</span></code>, <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bar</span></code> and <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">spam</span></code>, and two path configuration files, <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">foo.pth</span></code> and <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bar.pth</span></code>. Assume <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">foo.pth</span></code> contains the following:</p> <div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span># foo package configuration foo bar bletch </pre></div> </div> <p>and <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bar.pth</span></code> contains:</p> <div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span># bar package configuration bar </pre></div> </div> <p>Then the following version-specific directories are added to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.path</span></code>, in this order:</p> <div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>/usr/local/lib/pythonX.Y/site-packages/bar /usr/local/lib/pythonX.Y/site-packages/foo </pre></div> </div> <p>Note that <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bletch</span></code> is omitted because it doesn’t exist; the <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bar</span></code> directory precedes the <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">foo</span></code> directory because <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bar.pth</span></code> comes alphabetically before <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">foo.pth</span></code>; and <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">spam</span></code> is omitted because it is not mentioned in either path configuration file.</p> <p id="index-3">After these path manipulations, an attempt is made to import a module named <code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sitecustomize</span></code>, which can perform arbitrary site-specific customizations. It is typically created by a system administrator in the site-packages directory. If this import fails with an <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#ImportError" title="ImportError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ImportError</span></code></a> exception, it is silently ignored. If Python is started without output streams available, as with <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pythonw.exe</span></code> on Windows (which is used by default to start IDLE), attempted output from <code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sitecustomize</span></code> is ignored. Any exception other than <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#ImportError" title="ImportError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ImportError</span></code></a> causes a silent and perhaps mysterious failure of the process.</p> <p id="index-4">After this, an attempt is made to import a module named <code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">usercustomize</span></code>, which can perform arbitrary user-specific customizations, if <a class="reference internal" href="#site.ENABLE_USER_SITE" title="site.ENABLE_USER_SITE"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ENABLE_USER_SITE</span></code></a> is true. This file is intended to be created in the user site-packages directory (see below), which is part of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.path</span></code> unless disabled by <a class="reference internal" href="../using/cmdline.html#cmdoption-s"><code class="xref std std-option docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-s</span></code></a>. An <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#ImportError" title="ImportError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ImportError</span></code></a> will be silently ignored.</p> <p>Note that for some non-Unix systems, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.prefix</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.exec_prefix</span></code> are empty, and the path manipulations are skipped; however the import of <code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sitecustomize</span></code> and <code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">usercustomize</span></code> is still attempted.</p> <div class="section" id="readline-configuration"> <span id="rlcompleter-config"></span><h2>29.13.1. Readline configuration<a class="headerlink" href="#readline-configuration" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> <p>On systems that support <a class="reference internal" href="readline.html#module-readline" title="readline: GNU readline support for Python. (Unix)"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">readline</span></code></a>, this module will also import and configure the <a class="reference internal" href="rlcompleter.html#module-rlcompleter" title="rlcompleter: Python identifier completion, suitable for the GNU readline library."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rlcompleter</span></code></a> module, if Python is started in <a class="reference internal" href="../tutorial/interpreter.html#tut-interactive"><span class="std std-ref">interactive mode</span></a> and without the <a class="reference internal" href="../using/cmdline.html#id3"><code class="xref std std-option docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-S</span></code></a> option. The default behavior is enable tab-completion and to use <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">~/.python_history</span></code> as the history save file. To disable it, delete (or override) the <a class="reference internal" href="sys.html#sys.__interactivehook__" title="sys.__interactivehook__"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.__interactivehook__</span></code></a> attribute in your <code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sitecustomize</span></code> or <code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">usercustomize</span></code> module or your <span class="target" id="index-5"></span><a class="reference internal" href="../using/cmdline.html#envvar-PYTHONSTARTUP"><code class="xref std std-envvar docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PYTHONSTARTUP</span></code></a> file.</p> <div class="versionchanged"> <p><span class="versionmodified">Changed in version 3.4: </span>Activation of rlcompleter and history was made automatic.</p> </div> </div> <div class="section" id="module-contents"> <h2>29.13.2. Module contents<a class="headerlink" href="#module-contents" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> <dl class="data"> <dt id="site.PREFIXES"> <code class="descclassname">site.</code><code class="descname">PREFIXES</code><a class="headerlink" href="#site.PREFIXES" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>A list of prefixes for site-packages directories.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="data"> <dt id="site.ENABLE_USER_SITE"> <code class="descclassname">site.</code><code class="descname">ENABLE_USER_SITE</code><a class="headerlink" href="#site.ENABLE_USER_SITE" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Flag showing the status of the user site-packages directory. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code> means that it is enabled and was added to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.path</span></code>. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">False</span></code> means that it was disabled by user request (with <a class="reference internal" href="../using/cmdline.html#cmdoption-s"><code class="xref std std-option docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-s</span></code></a> or <span class="target" id="index-6"></span><a class="reference internal" href="../using/cmdline.html#envvar-PYTHONNOUSERSITE"><code class="xref std std-envvar docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PYTHONNOUSERSITE</span></code></a>). <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code> means it was disabled for security reasons (mismatch between user or group id and effective id) or by an administrator.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="data"> <dt id="site.USER_SITE"> <code class="descclassname">site.</code><code class="descname">USER_SITE</code><a class="headerlink" href="#site.USER_SITE" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Path to the user site-packages for the running Python. Can be <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code> if <a class="reference internal" href="#site.getusersitepackages" title="site.getusersitepackages"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">getusersitepackages()</span></code></a> hasn’t been called yet. Default value is <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">~/.local/lib/python</span><em><span class="pre">X.Y</span></em><span class="pre">/site-packages</span></code> for UNIX and non-framework Mac OS X builds, <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">~/Library/Python/</span><em><span class="pre">X.Y</span></em><span class="pre">/lib/python/site-packages</span></code> for Mac framework builds, and <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><em><span class="pre">%APPDATA%</span></em><span class="pre">\Python\Python</span><em><span class="pre">XY</span></em><span class="pre">\site-packages</span></code> on Windows. This directory is a site directory, which means that <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.pth</span></code> files in it will be processed.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="data"> <dt id="site.USER_BASE"> <code class="descclassname">site.</code><code class="descname">USER_BASE</code><a class="headerlink" href="#site.USER_BASE" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Path to the base directory for the user site-packages. Can be <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code> if <a class="reference internal" href="#site.getuserbase" title="site.getuserbase"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">getuserbase()</span></code></a> hasn’t been called yet. Default value is <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">~/.local</span></code> for UNIX and Mac OS X non-framework builds, <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">~/Library/Python/</span><em><span class="pre">X.Y</span></em></code> for Mac framework builds, and <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><em><span class="pre">%APPDATA%</span></em><span class="pre">\Python</span></code> for Windows. This value is used by Distutils to compute the installation directories for scripts, data files, Python modules, etc. for the <a class="reference internal" href="../install/index.html#inst-alt-install-user"><span class="std std-ref">user installation scheme</span></a>. See also <span class="target" id="index-7"></span><a class="reference internal" href="../using/cmdline.html#envvar-PYTHONUSERBASE"><code class="xref std std-envvar docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PYTHONUSERBASE</span></code></a>.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="site.main"> <code class="descclassname">site.</code><code class="descname">main</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#site.main" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Adds all the standard site-specific directories to the module search path. This function is called automatically when this module is imported, unless the Python interpreter was started with the <a class="reference internal" href="../using/cmdline.html#id3"><code class="xref std std-option docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-S</span></code></a> flag.</p> <div class="versionchanged"> <p><span class="versionmodified">Changed in version 3.3: </span>This function used to be called unconditionally.</p> </div> </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="site.addsitedir"> <code class="descclassname">site.</code><code class="descname">addsitedir</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>sitedir</em>, <em>known_paths=None</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#site.addsitedir" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Add a directory to sys.path and process its <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.pth</span></code> files. Typically used in <code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sitecustomize</span></code> or <code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">usercustomize</span></code> (see above).</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="site.getsitepackages"> <code class="descclassname">site.</code><code class="descname">getsitepackages</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#site.getsitepackages" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Return a list containing all global site-packages directories.</p> <div class="versionadded"> <p><span class="versionmodified">New in version 3.2.</span></p> </div> </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="site.getuserbase"> <code class="descclassname">site.</code><code class="descname">getuserbase</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#site.getuserbase" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Return the path of the user base directory, <a class="reference internal" href="#site.USER_BASE" title="site.USER_BASE"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">USER_BASE</span></code></a>. If it is not initialized yet, this function will also set it, respecting <span class="target" id="index-8"></span><a class="reference internal" href="../using/cmdline.html#envvar-PYTHONUSERBASE"><code class="xref std std-envvar docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PYTHONUSERBASE</span></code></a>.</p> <div class="versionadded"> <p><span class="versionmodified">New in version 3.2.</span></p> </div> </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="site.getusersitepackages"> <code class="descclassname">site.</code><code class="descname">getusersitepackages</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#site.getusersitepackages" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Return the path of the user-specific site-packages directory, <a class="reference internal" href="#site.USER_SITE" title="site.USER_SITE"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">USER_SITE</span></code></a>. If it is not initialized yet, this function will also set it, respecting <span class="target" id="index-9"></span><a class="reference internal" href="../using/cmdline.html#envvar-PYTHONNOUSERSITE"><code class="xref std std-envvar docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PYTHONNOUSERSITE</span></code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="#site.USER_BASE" title="site.USER_BASE"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">USER_BASE</span></code></a>.</p> <div class="versionadded"> <p><span class="versionmodified">New in version 3.2.</span></p> </div> </dd></dl> <p>The <a class="reference internal" href="#module-site" title="site: Module responsible for site-specific configuration."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">site</span></code></a> module also provides a way to get the user directories from the command line:</p> <div class="highlight-shell-session notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">$</span> python3 -m site --user-site <span class="go">/home/user/.local/lib/python3.3/site-packages</span> </pre></div> </div> <p>If it is called without arguments, it will print the contents of <a class="reference internal" href="sys.html#sys.path" title="sys.path"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.path</span></code></a> on the standard output, followed by the value of <a class="reference internal" href="#site.USER_BASE" title="site.USER_BASE"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">USER_BASE</span></code></a> and whether the directory exists, then the same thing for <a class="reference internal" href="#site.USER_SITE" title="site.USER_SITE"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">USER_SITE</span></code></a>, and finally the value of <a class="reference internal" href="#site.ENABLE_USER_SITE" title="site.ENABLE_USER_SITE"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ENABLE_USER_SITE</span></code></a>.</p> <dl class="cmdoption"> <dt id="cmdoption-site-user-base"> <code class="descname">--user-base</code><code class="descclassname"></code><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-site-user-base" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Print the path to the user base directory.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="cmdoption"> <dt id="cmdoption-site-user-site"> <code class="descname">--user-site</code><code class="descclassname"></code><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-site-user-site" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Print the path to the user site-packages directory.</p> </dd></dl> <p>If both options are given, user base and user site will be printed (always in this order), separated by <a class="reference internal" href="os.html#os.pathsep" title="os.pathsep"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">os.pathsep</span></code></a>.</p> <p>If any option is given, the script will exit with one of these values: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0</span></code> if the user site-packages directory is enabled, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">1</span></code> if it was disabled by the user, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">2</span></code> if it is disabled for security reasons or by an administrator, and a value greater than 2 if there is an error.</p> <div class="admonition seealso"> <p class="first admonition-title">See also</p> <p class="last"><span class="target" id="index-10"></span><a class="pep reference external" href="https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0370"><strong>PEP 370</strong></a> – Per user site-packages directory</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sphinxsidebar" role="navigation" aria-label="main navigation"> <div class="sphinxsidebarwrapper"> <h3><a href="../contents.html">Table Of Contents</a></h3> <ul> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#">29.13. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">site</span></code> — Site-specific configuration hook</a><ul> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#readline-configuration">29.13.1. Readline configuration</a></li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#module-contents">29.13.2. 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