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Internet Protocols and Support</a> &#187;</li> <li class="right"> <div class="inline-search" style="display: none" role="search"> <form class="inline-search" action="../search.html" method="get"> <input placeholder="Quick search" type="text" name="q" /> <input type="submit" value="Go" /> <input type="hidden" name="check_keywords" value="yes" /> <input type="hidden" name="area" value="default" /> </form> </div> <script type="text/javascript">$('.inline-search').show(0);</script> | </li> </ul> </div> <div class="document"> <div class="documentwrapper"> <div class="bodywrapper"> <div class="body" role="main"> <div class="section" id="module-ftplib"> <span id="ftplib-ftp-protocol-client"></span><h1>21.13. <a class="reference internal" href="#module-ftplib" title="ftplib: FTP protocol client (requires sockets)."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ftplib</span></code></a> — FTP protocol client<a class="headerlink" href="#module-ftplib" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1> <p><strong>Source code:</strong> <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.6/Lib/ftplib.py">Lib/ftplib.py</a></p> <hr class="docutils" id="index-0" /> <p>This module defines the class <a class="reference internal" href="#ftplib.FTP" title="ftplib.FTP"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">FTP</span></code></a> and a few related items. The <a class="reference internal" href="#ftplib.FTP" title="ftplib.FTP"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">FTP</span></code></a> class implements the client side of the FTP protocol. You can use this to write Python programs that perform a variety of automated FTP jobs, such as mirroring other FTP servers. It is also used by the module <a class="reference internal" href="urllib.request.html#module-urllib.request" title="urllib.request: Extensible library for opening URLs."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">urllib.request</span></code></a> to handle URLs that use FTP. For more information on FTP (File Transfer Protocol), see Internet <span class="target" id="index-1"></span><a class="rfc reference external" href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc959.html"><strong>RFC 959</strong></a>.</p> <p>Here’s a sample session using the <a class="reference internal" href="#module-ftplib" title="ftplib: FTP protocol client (requires sockets)."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ftplib</span></code></a> module:</p> <div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">ftplib</span> <span class="k">import</span> <span class="n">FTP</span> <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">ftp</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">FTP</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;ftp.debian.org&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># connect to host, default port</span> <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">ftp</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">login</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="c1"># user anonymous, passwd anonymous@</span> <span class="go">&#39;230 Login successful.&#39;</span> <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">ftp</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">cwd</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;debian&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># change into &quot;debian&quot; directory</span> <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">ftp</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">retrlines</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;LIST&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># list directory contents</span> <span class="go">-rw-rw-r-- 1 1176 1176 1063 Jun 15 10:18 README</span> <span class="gp">...</span> <span class="go">drwxr-sr-x 5 1176 1176 4096 Dec 19 2000 pool</span> <span class="go">drwxr-sr-x 4 1176 1176 4096 Nov 17 2008 project</span> <span class="go">drwxr-xr-x 3 1176 1176 4096 Oct 10 2012 tools</span> <span class="go">&#39;226 Directory send OK.&#39;</span> <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">ftp</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">retrbinary</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;RETR README&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">open</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;README&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;wb&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">write</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="go">&#39;226 Transfer complete.&#39;</span> <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">ftp</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">quit</span><span class="p">()</span> </pre></div> </div> <p>The module defines the following items:</p> <dl class="class"> <dt id="ftplib.FTP"> <em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">ftplib.</code><code class="descname">FTP</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>host=''</em>, <em>user=''</em>, <em>passwd=''</em>, <em>acct=''</em>, <em>timeout=None</em>, <em>source_address=None</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#ftplib.FTP" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Return a new instance of the <a class="reference internal" href="#ftplib.FTP" title="ftplib.FTP"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">FTP</span></code></a> class. When <em>host</em> is given, the method call <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">connect(host)</span></code> is made. When <em>user</em> is given, additionally the method call <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">login(user,</span> <span class="pre">passwd,</span> <span class="pre">acct)</span></code> is made (where <em>passwd</em> and <em>acct</em> default to the empty string when not given). The optional <em>timeout</em> parameter specifies a timeout in seconds for blocking operations like the connection attempt (if is not specified, the global default timeout setting will be used). <em>source_address</em> is a 2-tuple <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">(host,</span> <span class="pre">port)</span></code> for the socket to bind to as its source address before connecting.</p> <p>The <a class="reference internal" href="#ftplib.FTP" title="ftplib.FTP"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">FTP</span></code></a> class supports the <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/compound_stmts.html#with"><code class="xref std std-keyword docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">with</span></code></a> statement, e.g.:</p> <div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">ftplib</span> <span class="k">import</span> <span class="n">FTP</span> <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="k">with</span> <span class="n">FTP</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;ftp1.at.proftpd.org&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">ftp</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">ftp</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">login</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">ftp</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">dir</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="gp">... </span> <span class="go">&#39;230 Anonymous login ok, restrictions apply.&#39;</span> <span class="go">dr-xr-xr-x 9 ftp ftp 154 May 6 10:43 .</span> <span class="go">dr-xr-xr-x 9 ftp ftp 154 May 6 10:43 ..</span> <span class="go">dr-xr-xr-x 5 ftp ftp 4096 May 6 10:43 CentOS</span> <span class="go">dr-xr-xr-x 3 ftp ftp 18 Jul 10 2008 Fedora</span> <span class="go">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span> </pre></div> </div> <div class="versionchanged"> <p><span class="versionmodified">Changed in version 3.2: </span>Support for the <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/compound_stmts.html#with"><code class="xref std std-keyword docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">with</span></code></a> statement was added.</p> </div> <div class="versionchanged"> <p><span class="versionmodified">Changed in version 3.3: </span><em>source_address</em> parameter was added.</p> </div> </dd></dl> <dl class="class"> <dt id="ftplib.FTP_TLS"> <em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">ftplib.</code><code class="descname">FTP_TLS</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>host=''</em>, <em>user=''</em>, <em>passwd=''</em>, <em>acct=''</em>, <em>keyfile=None</em>, <em>certfile=None</em>, <em>context=None</em>, <em>timeout=None</em>, <em>source_address=None</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#ftplib.FTP_TLS" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>A <a class="reference internal" href="#ftplib.FTP" title="ftplib.FTP"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">FTP</span></code></a> subclass which adds TLS support to FTP as described in <span class="target" id="index-2"></span><a class="rfc reference external" href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4217.html"><strong>RFC 4217</strong></a>. Connect as usual to port 21 implicitly securing the FTP control connection before authenticating. Securing the data connection requires the user to explicitly ask for it by calling the <a class="reference internal" href="#ftplib.FTP_TLS.prot_p" title="ftplib.FTP_TLS.prot_p"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">prot_p()</span></code></a> method. <em>context</em> is a <a class="reference internal" href="ssl.html#ssl.SSLContext" title="ssl.SSLContext"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ssl.SSLContext</span></code></a> object which allows bundling SSL configuration options, certificates and private keys into a single (potentially long-lived) structure. Please read <a class="reference internal" href="ssl.html#ssl-security"><span class="std std-ref">Security considerations</span></a> for best practices.</p> <p><em>keyfile</em> and <em>certfile</em> are a legacy alternative to <em>context</em> – they can point to PEM-formatted private key and certificate chain files (respectively) for the SSL connection.</p> <div class="versionadded"> <p><span class="versionmodified">New in version 3.2.</span></p> </div> <div class="versionchanged"> <p><span class="versionmodified">Changed in version 3.3: </span><em>source_address</em> parameter was added.</p> </div> <div class="versionchanged"> <p><span class="versionmodified">Changed in version 3.4: </span>The class now supports hostname check with <a class="reference internal" href="ssl.html#ssl.SSLContext.check_hostname" title="ssl.SSLContext.check_hostname"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ssl.SSLContext.check_hostname</span></code></a> and <em>Server Name Indication</em> (see <a class="reference internal" href="ssl.html#ssl.HAS_SNI" title="ssl.HAS_SNI"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ssl.HAS_SNI</span></code></a>).</p> </div> <div class="deprecated"> <p><span class="versionmodified">Deprecated since version 3.6: </span><em>keyfile</em> and <em>certfile</em> are deprecated in favor of <em>context</em>. Please use <a class="reference internal" href="ssl.html#ssl.SSLContext.load_cert_chain" title="ssl.SSLContext.load_cert_chain"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ssl.SSLContext.load_cert_chain()</span></code></a> instead, or let <a class="reference internal" href="ssl.html#ssl.create_default_context" title="ssl.create_default_context"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ssl.create_default_context()</span></code></a> select the system’s trusted CA certificates for you.</p> </div> <p>Here’s a sample session using the <a class="reference internal" href="#ftplib.FTP_TLS" title="ftplib.FTP_TLS"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">FTP_TLS</span></code></a> class:</p> <div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">ftps</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">FTP_TLS</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;ftp.pureftpd.org&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">ftps</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">login</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="go">&#39;230 Anonymous user logged in&#39;</span> <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">ftps</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">prot_p</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="go">&#39;200 Data protection level set to &quot;private&quot;&#39;</span> <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">ftps</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">nlst</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="go">[&#39;6jack&#39;, &#39;OpenBSD&#39;, &#39;antilink&#39;, &#39;blogbench&#39;, &#39;bsdcam&#39;, &#39;clockspeed&#39;, &#39;djbdns-jedi&#39;, &#39;docs&#39;, &#39;eaccelerator-jedi&#39;, &#39;favicon.ico&#39;, &#39;francotone&#39;, &#39;fugu&#39;, &#39;ignore&#39;, &#39;libpuzzle&#39;, &#39;metalog&#39;, &#39;minidentd&#39;, &#39;misc&#39;, &#39;mysql-udf-global-user-variables&#39;, &#39;php-jenkins-hash&#39;, &#39;php-skein-hash&#39;, &#39;php-webdav&#39;, &#39;phpaudit&#39;, &#39;phpbench&#39;, &#39;pincaster&#39;, &#39;ping&#39;, &#39;posto&#39;, &#39;pub&#39;, &#39;public&#39;, &#39;public_keys&#39;, &#39;pure-ftpd&#39;, &#39;qscan&#39;, &#39;qtc&#39;, &#39;sharedance&#39;, &#39;skycache&#39;, &#39;sound&#39;, &#39;tmp&#39;, &#39;ucarp&#39;]</span> </pre></div> </div> </dd></dl> <dl class="exception"> <dt id="ftplib.error_reply"> <em class="property">exception </em><code class="descclassname">ftplib.</code><code class="descname">error_reply</code><a class="headerlink" href="#ftplib.error_reply" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Exception raised when an unexpected reply is received from the server.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="exception"> <dt id="ftplib.error_temp"> <em class="property">exception </em><code class="descclassname">ftplib.</code><code class="descname">error_temp</code><a class="headerlink" href="#ftplib.error_temp" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Exception raised when an error code signifying a temporary error (response codes in the range 400–499) is received.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="exception"> <dt id="ftplib.error_perm"> <em class="property">exception </em><code class="descclassname">ftplib.</code><code class="descname">error_perm</code><a class="headerlink" href="#ftplib.error_perm" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Exception raised when an error code signifying a permanent error (response codes in the range 500–599) is received.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="exception"> <dt id="ftplib.error_proto"> <em class="property">exception </em><code class="descclassname">ftplib.</code><code class="descname">error_proto</code><a class="headerlink" href="#ftplib.error_proto" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Exception raised when a reply is received from the server that does not fit the response specifications of the File Transfer Protocol, i.e. begin with a digit in the range 1–5.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="data"> <dt id="ftplib.all_errors"> <code class="descclassname">ftplib.</code><code class="descname">all_errors</code><a class="headerlink" href="#ftplib.all_errors" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>The set of all exceptions (as a tuple) that methods of <a class="reference internal" href="#ftplib.FTP" title="ftplib.FTP"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">FTP</span></code></a> instances may raise as a result of problems with the FTP connection (as opposed to programming errors made by the caller). This set includes the four exceptions listed above as well as <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#OSError" title="OSError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">OSError</span></code></a>.</p> </dd></dl> <div class="admonition seealso"> <p class="first admonition-title">See also</p> <dl class="last docutils"> <dt>Module <a class="reference internal" href="netrc.html#module-netrc" title="netrc: Loading of .netrc files."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">netrc</span></code></a></dt> <dd>Parser for the <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.netrc</span></code> file format. The file <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.netrc</span></code> is typically used by FTP clients to load user authentication information before prompting the user.</dd> </dl> </div> <div class="section" id="ftp-objects"> <span id="id1"></span><h2>21.13.1. FTP Objects<a class="headerlink" href="#ftp-objects" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> <p>Several methods are available in two flavors: one for handling text files and another for binary files. These are named for the command which is used followed by <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">lines</span></code> for the text version or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">binary</span></code> for the binary version.</p> <p><a class="reference internal" href="#ftplib.FTP" title="ftplib.FTP"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">FTP</span></code></a> instances have the following methods:</p> <dl class="method"> <dt id="ftplib.FTP.set_debuglevel"> <code class="descclassname">FTP.</code><code class="descname">set_debuglevel</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>level</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#ftplib.FTP.set_debuglevel" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Set the instance’s debugging level. This controls the amount of debugging output printed. The default, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0</span></code>, produces no debugging output. A value of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">1</span></code> produces a moderate amount of debugging output, generally a single line per request. A value of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">2</span></code> or higher produces the maximum amount of debugging output, logging each line sent and received on the control connection.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="ftplib.FTP.connect"> <code class="descclassname">FTP.</code><code class="descname">connect</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>host=''</em>, <em>port=0</em>, <em>timeout=None</em>, <em>source_address=None</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#ftplib.FTP.connect" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Connect to the given host and port. The default port number is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">21</span></code>, as specified by the FTP protocol specification. It is rarely needed to specify a different port number. This function should be called only once for each instance; it should not be called at all if a host was given when the instance was created. All other methods can only be used after a connection has been made. The optional <em>timeout</em> parameter specifies a timeout in seconds for the connection attempt. If no <em>timeout</em> is passed, the global default timeout setting will be used. <em>source_address</em> is a 2-tuple <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">(host,</span> <span class="pre">port)</span></code> for the socket to bind to as its source address before connecting.</p> <div class="versionchanged"> <p><span class="versionmodified">Changed in version 3.3: </span><em>source_address</em> parameter was added.</p> </div> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="ftplib.FTP.getwelcome"> <code class="descclassname">FTP.</code><code class="descname">getwelcome</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#ftplib.FTP.getwelcome" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Return the welcome message sent by the server in reply to the initial connection. (This message sometimes contains disclaimers or help information that may be relevant to the user.)</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="ftplib.FTP.login"> <code class="descclassname">FTP.</code><code class="descname">login</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>user='anonymous'</em>, <em>passwd=''</em>, <em>acct=''</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#ftplib.FTP.login" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Log in as the given <em>user</em>. The <em>passwd</em> and <em>acct</em> parameters are optional and default to the empty string. If no <em>user</em> is specified, it defaults to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'anonymous'</span></code>. If <em>user</em> is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'anonymous'</span></code>, the default <em>passwd</em> is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'anonymous&#64;'</span></code>. This function should be called only once for each instance, after a connection has been established; it should not be called at all if a host and user were given when the instance was created. Most FTP commands are only allowed after the client has logged in. The <em>acct</em> parameter supplies “accounting information”; few systems implement this.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="ftplib.FTP.abort"> <code class="descclassname">FTP.</code><code class="descname">abort</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#ftplib.FTP.abort" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Abort a file transfer that is in progress. Using this does not always work, but it’s worth a try.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="ftplib.FTP.sendcmd"> <code class="descclassname">FTP.</code><code class="descname">sendcmd</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>cmd</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#ftplib.FTP.sendcmd" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Send a simple command string to the server and return the response string.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="ftplib.FTP.voidcmd"> <code class="descclassname">FTP.</code><code class="descname">voidcmd</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>cmd</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#ftplib.FTP.voidcmd" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Send a simple command string to the server and handle the response. Return nothing if a response code corresponding to success (codes in the range 200–299) is received. Raise <a class="reference internal" href="#ftplib.error_reply" title="ftplib.error_reply"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">error_reply</span></code></a> otherwise.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="ftplib.FTP.retrbinary"> <code class="descclassname">FTP.</code><code class="descname">retrbinary</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>cmd</em>, <em>callback</em>, <em>blocksize=8192</em>, <em>rest=None</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#ftplib.FTP.retrbinary" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Retrieve a file in binary transfer mode. <em>cmd</em> should be an appropriate <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">RETR</span></code> command: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'RETR</span> <span class="pre">filename'</span></code>. The <em>callback</em> function is called for each block of data received, with a single bytes argument giving the data block. The optional <em>blocksize</em> argument specifies the maximum chunk size to read on the low-level socket object created to do the actual transfer (which will also be the largest size of the data blocks passed to <em>callback</em>). A reasonable default is chosen. <em>rest</em> means the same thing as in the <a class="reference internal" href="#ftplib.FTP.transfercmd" title="ftplib.FTP.transfercmd"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">transfercmd()</span></code></a> method.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="ftplib.FTP.retrlines"> <code class="descclassname">FTP.</code><code class="descname">retrlines</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>cmd</em>, <em>callback=None</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#ftplib.FTP.retrlines" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Retrieve a file or directory listing in ASCII transfer mode. <em>cmd</em> should be an appropriate <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">RETR</span></code> command (see <a class="reference internal" href="#ftplib.FTP.retrbinary" title="ftplib.FTP.retrbinary"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">retrbinary()</span></code></a>) or a command such as <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">LIST</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NLST</span></code> (usually just the string <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'LIST'</span></code>). <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">LIST</span></code> retrieves a list of files and information about those files. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NLST</span></code> retrieves a list of file names. The <em>callback</em> function is called for each line with a string argument containing the line with the trailing CRLF stripped. The default <em>callback</em> prints the line to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.stdout</span></code>.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="ftplib.FTP.set_pasv"> <code class="descclassname">FTP.</code><code class="descname">set_pasv</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>val</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#ftplib.FTP.set_pasv" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Enable “passive” mode if <em>val</em> is true, otherwise disable passive mode. Passive mode is on by default.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="ftplib.FTP.storbinary"> <code class="descclassname">FTP.</code><code class="descname">storbinary</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>cmd</em>, <em>fp</em>, <em>blocksize=8192</em>, <em>callback=None</em>, <em>rest=None</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#ftplib.FTP.storbinary" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Store a file in binary transfer mode. <em>cmd</em> should be an appropriate <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">STOR</span></code> command: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">&quot;STOR</span> <span class="pre">filename&quot;</span></code>. <em>fp</em> is a <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-file-object"><span class="xref std std-term">file object</span></a> (opened in binary mode) which is read until EOF using its <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">read()</span></code> method in blocks of size <em>blocksize</em> to provide the data to be stored. The <em>blocksize</em> argument defaults to 8192. <em>callback</em> is an optional single parameter callable that is called on each block of data after it is sent. <em>rest</em> means the same thing as in the <a class="reference internal" href="#ftplib.FTP.transfercmd" title="ftplib.FTP.transfercmd"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">transfercmd()</span></code></a> method.</p> <div class="versionchanged"> <p><span class="versionmodified">Changed in version 3.2: </span><em>rest</em> parameter added.</p> </div> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="ftplib.FTP.storlines"> <code class="descclassname">FTP.</code><code class="descname">storlines</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>cmd</em>, <em>fp</em>, <em>callback=None</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#ftplib.FTP.storlines" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Store a file in ASCII transfer mode. <em>cmd</em> should be an appropriate <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">STOR</span></code> command (see <a class="reference internal" href="#ftplib.FTP.storbinary" title="ftplib.FTP.storbinary"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">storbinary()</span></code></a>). Lines are read until EOF from the <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-file-object"><span class="xref std std-term">file object</span></a> <em>fp</em> (opened in binary mode) using its <a class="reference internal" href="io.html#io.IOBase.readline" title="io.IOBase.readline"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">readline()</span></code></a> method to provide the data to be stored. <em>callback</em> is an optional single parameter callable that is called on each line after it is sent.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="ftplib.FTP.transfercmd"> <code class="descclassname">FTP.</code><code class="descname">transfercmd</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>cmd</em>, <em>rest=None</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#ftplib.FTP.transfercmd" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Initiate a transfer over the data connection. If the transfer is active, send an <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">EPRT</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PORT</span></code> command and the transfer command specified by <em>cmd</em>, and accept the connection. If the server is passive, send an <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">EPSV</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PASV</span></code> command, connect to it, and start the transfer command. Either way, return the socket for the connection.</p> <p>If optional <em>rest</em> is given, a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">REST</span></code> command is sent to the server, passing <em>rest</em> as an argument. <em>rest</em> is usually a byte offset into the requested file, telling the server to restart sending the file’s bytes at the requested offset, skipping over the initial bytes. Note however that <span class="target" id="index-3"></span><a class="rfc reference external" href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc959.html"><strong>RFC 959</strong></a> requires only that <em>rest</em> be a string containing characters in the printable range from ASCII code 33 to ASCII code 126. The <a class="reference internal" href="#ftplib.FTP.transfercmd" title="ftplib.FTP.transfercmd"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">transfercmd()</span></code></a> method, therefore, converts <em>rest</em> to a string, but no check is performed on the string’s contents. If the server does not recognize the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">REST</span></code> command, an <a class="reference internal" href="#ftplib.error_reply" title="ftplib.error_reply"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">error_reply</span></code></a> exception will be raised. If this happens, simply call <a class="reference internal" href="#ftplib.FTP.transfercmd" title="ftplib.FTP.transfercmd"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">transfercmd()</span></code></a> without a <em>rest</em> argument.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="ftplib.FTP.ntransfercmd"> <code class="descclassname">FTP.</code><code class="descname">ntransfercmd</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>cmd</em>, <em>rest=None</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#ftplib.FTP.ntransfercmd" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Like <a class="reference internal" href="#ftplib.FTP.transfercmd" title="ftplib.FTP.transfercmd"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">transfercmd()</span></code></a>, but returns a tuple of the data connection and the expected size of the data. If the expected size could not be computed, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code> will be returned as the expected size. <em>cmd</em> and <em>rest</em> means the same thing as in <a class="reference internal" href="#ftplib.FTP.transfercmd" title="ftplib.FTP.transfercmd"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">transfercmd()</span></code></a>.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="ftplib.FTP.mlsd"> <code class="descclassname">FTP.</code><code class="descname">mlsd</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>path=&quot;&quot;</em>, <em>facts=[]</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#ftplib.FTP.mlsd" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>List a directory in a standardized format by using <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">MLSD</span></code> command (<span class="target" id="index-4"></span><a class="rfc reference external" href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3659.html"><strong>RFC 3659</strong></a>). If <em>path</em> is omitted the current directory is assumed. <em>facts</em> is a list of strings representing the type of information desired (e.g. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">[&quot;type&quot;,</span> <span class="pre">&quot;size&quot;,</span> <span class="pre">&quot;perm&quot;]</span></code>). Return a generator object yielding a tuple of two elements for every file found in path. First element is the file name, the second one is a dictionary containing facts about the file name. Content of this dictionary might be limited by the <em>facts</em> argument but server is not guaranteed to return all requested facts.</p> <div class="versionadded"> <p><span class="versionmodified">New in version 3.3.</span></p> </div> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="ftplib.FTP.nlst"> <code class="descclassname">FTP.</code><code class="descname">nlst</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>argument</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>...</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#ftplib.FTP.nlst" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Return a list of file names as returned by the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NLST</span></code> command. The optional <em>argument</em> is a directory to list (default is the current server directory). Multiple arguments can be used to pass non-standard options to the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NLST</span></code> command.</p> <div class="admonition note"> <p class="first admonition-title">Note</p> <p class="last">If your server supports the command, <a class="reference internal" href="#ftplib.FTP.mlsd" title="ftplib.FTP.mlsd"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mlsd()</span></code></a> offers a better API.</p> </div> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="ftplib.FTP.dir"> <code class="descclassname">FTP.</code><code class="descname">dir</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>argument</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>...</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#ftplib.FTP.dir" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Produce a directory listing as returned by the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">LIST</span></code> command, printing it to standard output. The optional <em>argument</em> is a directory to list (default is the current server directory). Multiple arguments can be used to pass non-standard options to the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">LIST</span></code> command. If the last argument is a function, it is used as a <em>callback</em> function as for <a class="reference internal" href="#ftplib.FTP.retrlines" title="ftplib.FTP.retrlines"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">retrlines()</span></code></a>; the default prints to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.stdout</span></code>. This method returns <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code>.</p> <div class="admonition note"> <p class="first admonition-title">Note</p> <p class="last">If your server supports the command, <a class="reference internal" href="#ftplib.FTP.mlsd" title="ftplib.FTP.mlsd"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mlsd()</span></code></a> offers a better API.</p> </div> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="ftplib.FTP.rename"> <code class="descclassname">FTP.</code><code class="descname">rename</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>fromname</em>, <em>toname</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#ftplib.FTP.rename" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Rename file <em>fromname</em> on the server to <em>toname</em>.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="ftplib.FTP.delete"> <code class="descclassname">FTP.</code><code class="descname">delete</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>filename</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#ftplib.FTP.delete" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Remove the file named <em>filename</em> from the server. If successful, returns the text of the response, otherwise raises <a class="reference internal" href="#ftplib.error_perm" title="ftplib.error_perm"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">error_perm</span></code></a> on permission errors or <a class="reference internal" href="#ftplib.error_reply" title="ftplib.error_reply"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">error_reply</span></code></a> on other errors.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="ftplib.FTP.cwd"> <code class="descclassname">FTP.</code><code class="descname">cwd</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>pathname</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#ftplib.FTP.cwd" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Set the current directory on the server.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="ftplib.FTP.mkd"> <code class="descclassname">FTP.</code><code class="descname">mkd</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>pathname</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#ftplib.FTP.mkd" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Create a new directory on the server.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="ftplib.FTP.pwd"> <code class="descclassname">FTP.</code><code class="descname">pwd</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#ftplib.FTP.pwd" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Return the pathname of the current directory on the server.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="ftplib.FTP.rmd"> <code class="descclassname">FTP.</code><code class="descname">rmd</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>dirname</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#ftplib.FTP.rmd" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Remove the directory named <em>dirname</em> on the server.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="ftplib.FTP.size"> <code class="descclassname">FTP.</code><code class="descname">size</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>filename</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#ftplib.FTP.size" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Request the size of the file named <em>filename</em> on the server. On success, the size of the file is returned as an integer, otherwise <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code> is returned. Note that the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SIZE</span></code> command is not standardized, but is supported by many common server implementations.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="ftplib.FTP.quit"> <code class="descclassname">FTP.</code><code class="descname">quit</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#ftplib.FTP.quit" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Send a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">QUIT</span></code> command to the server and close the connection. This is the “polite” way to close a connection, but it may raise an exception if the server responds with an error to the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">QUIT</span></code> command. This implies a call to the <a class="reference internal" href="#ftplib.FTP.close" title="ftplib.FTP.close"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">close()</span></code></a> method which renders the <a class="reference internal" href="#ftplib.FTP" title="ftplib.FTP"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">FTP</span></code></a> instance useless for subsequent calls (see below).</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="ftplib.FTP.close"> <code class="descclassname">FTP.</code><code class="descname">close</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#ftplib.FTP.close" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Close the connection unilaterally. This should not be applied to an already closed connection such as after a successful call to <a class="reference internal" href="#ftplib.FTP.quit" title="ftplib.FTP.quit"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">quit()</span></code></a>. After this call the <a class="reference internal" href="#ftplib.FTP" title="ftplib.FTP"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">FTP</span></code></a> instance should not be used any more (after a call to <a class="reference internal" href="#ftplib.FTP.close" title="ftplib.FTP.close"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">close()</span></code></a> or <a class="reference internal" href="#ftplib.FTP.quit" title="ftplib.FTP.quit"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">quit()</span></code></a> you cannot reopen the connection by issuing another <a class="reference internal" href="#ftplib.FTP.login" title="ftplib.FTP.login"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">login()</span></code></a> method).</p> </dd></dl> </div> <div class="section" id="ftp-tls-objects"> <h2>21.13.2. FTP_TLS Objects<a class="headerlink" href="#ftp-tls-objects" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> <p><a class="reference internal" href="#ftplib.FTP_TLS" title="ftplib.FTP_TLS"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">FTP_TLS</span></code></a> class inherits from <a class="reference internal" href="#ftplib.FTP" title="ftplib.FTP"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">FTP</span></code></a>, defining these additional objects:</p> <dl class="attribute"> <dt id="ftplib.FTP_TLS.ssl_version"> <code class="descclassname">FTP_TLS.</code><code class="descname">ssl_version</code><a class="headerlink" href="#ftplib.FTP_TLS.ssl_version" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>The SSL version to use (defaults to <a class="reference internal" href="ssl.html#ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23" title="ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23</span></code></a>).</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="ftplib.FTP_TLS.auth"> <code class="descclassname">FTP_TLS.</code><code class="descname">auth</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#ftplib.FTP_TLS.auth" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Set up a secure control connection by using TLS or SSL, depending on what is specified in the <a class="reference internal" href="#ftplib.FTP_TLS.ssl_version" title="ftplib.FTP_TLS.ssl_version"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ssl_version</span></code></a> attribute.</p> <div class="versionchanged"> <p><span class="versionmodified">Changed in version 3.4: </span>The method now supports hostname check with <a class="reference internal" href="ssl.html#ssl.SSLContext.check_hostname" title="ssl.SSLContext.check_hostname"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ssl.SSLContext.check_hostname</span></code></a> and <em>Server Name Indication</em> (see <a class="reference internal" href="ssl.html#ssl.HAS_SNI" title="ssl.HAS_SNI"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ssl.HAS_SNI</span></code></a>).</p> </div> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="ftplib.FTP_TLS.ccc"> <code class="descclassname">FTP_TLS.</code><code class="descname">ccc</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#ftplib.FTP_TLS.ccc" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Revert control channel back to plaintext. This can be useful to take advantage of firewalls that know how to handle NAT with non-secure FTP without opening fixed ports.</p> <div class="versionadded"> <p><span class="versionmodified">New in version 3.3.</span></p> </div> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="ftplib.FTP_TLS.prot_p"> <code class="descclassname">FTP_TLS.</code><code class="descname">prot_p</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#ftplib.FTP_TLS.prot_p" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Set up secure data connection.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="ftplib.FTP_TLS.prot_c"> <code class="descclassname">FTP_TLS.</code><code class="descname">prot_c</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#ftplib.FTP_TLS.prot_c" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Set up clear text data connection.</p> </dd></dl> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sphinxsidebar" role="navigation" aria-label="main navigation"> <div class="sphinxsidebarwrapper"> <h3><a href="../contents.html">Table Of Contents</a></h3> <ul> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#">21.13. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ftplib</span></code> — FTP protocol client</a><ul> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#ftp-objects">21.13.1. FTP Objects</a></li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#ftp-tls-objects">21.13.2. 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