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Built-in Constants<a class="headerlink" href="#built-in-constants" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1> <p>A small number of constants live in the built-in namespace. They are:</p> <dl class="data"> <dt id="False"> <code class="descname">False</code><a class="headerlink" href="#False" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>The false value of the <a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#bool" title="bool"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bool</span></code></a> type. Assignments to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">False</span></code> are illegal and raise a <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#SyntaxError" title="SyntaxError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SyntaxError</span></code></a>.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="data"> <dt id="True"> <code class="descname">True</code><a class="headerlink" href="#True" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>The true value of the <a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#bool" title="bool"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bool</span></code></a> type. Assignments to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code> are illegal and raise a <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#SyntaxError" title="SyntaxError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SyntaxError</span></code></a>.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="data"> <dt id="None"> <code class="descname">None</code><a class="headerlink" href="#None" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>The sole value of the type <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NoneType</span></code>. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code> is frequently used to represent the absence of a value, as when default arguments are not passed to a function. Assignments to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code> are illegal and raise a <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#SyntaxError" title="SyntaxError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SyntaxError</span></code></a>.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="data"> <dt id="NotImplemented"> <code class="descname">NotImplemented</code><a class="headerlink" href="#NotImplemented" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Special value which should be returned by the binary special methods (e.g. <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/datamodel.html#object.__eq__" title="object.__eq__"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__eq__()</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/datamodel.html#object.__lt__" title="object.__lt__"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__lt__()</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/datamodel.html#object.__add__" title="object.__add__"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__add__()</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/datamodel.html#object.__rsub__" title="object.__rsub__"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__rsub__()</span></code></a>, etc.) to indicate that the operation is not implemented with respect to the other type; may be returned by the in-place binary special methods (e.g. <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/datamodel.html#object.__imul__" title="object.__imul__"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__imul__()</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/datamodel.html#object.__iand__" title="object.__iand__"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__iand__()</span></code></a>, etc.) for the same purpose. Its truth value is true.</p> <div class="admonition note"> <p class="first admonition-title">Note</p> <p>When a binary (or in-place) method returns <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NotImplemented</span></code> the interpreter will try the reflected operation on the other type (or some other fallback, depending on the operator). If all attempts return <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NotImplemented</span></code>, the interpreter will raise an appropriate exception. Incorrectly returning <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NotImplemented</span></code> will result in a misleading error message or the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NotImplemented</span></code> value being returned to Python code.</p> <p class="last">See <a class="reference internal" href="numbers.html#implementing-the-arithmetic-operations"><span class="std std-ref">Implementing the arithmetic operations</span></a> for examples.</p> </div> <div class="admonition note"> <p class="first admonition-title">Note</p> <p class="last"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NotImplementedError</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NotImplemented</span></code> are not interchangeable, even though they have similar names and purposes. See <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#NotImplementedError" title="NotImplementedError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NotImplementedError</span></code></a> for details on when to use it.</p> </div> </dd></dl> <dl class="data"> <dt id="Ellipsis"> <code class="descname">Ellipsis</code><a class="headerlink" href="#Ellipsis" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>The same as <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">...</span></code>. Special value used mostly in conjunction with extended slicing syntax for user-defined container data types.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="data"> <dt id="__debug__"> <code class="descname">__debug__</code><a class="headerlink" href="#__debug__" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>This constant is true if Python was not started with an <a class="reference internal" href="../using/cmdline.html#cmdoption-o"><code class="xref std std-option docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-O</span></code></a> option. See also the <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/simple_stmts.html#assert"><code class="xref std std-keyword docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">assert</span></code></a> statement.</p> </dd></dl> <div class="admonition note"> <p class="first admonition-title">Note</p> <p class="last">The names <a class="reference internal" href="#None" title="None"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#False" title="False"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">False</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#True" title="True"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="#__debug__" title="__debug__"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__debug__</span></code></a> cannot be reassigned (assignments to them, even as an attribute name, raise <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#SyntaxError" title="SyntaxError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SyntaxError</span></code></a>), so they can be considered “true” constants.</p> </div> <div class="section" id="constants-added-by-the-site-module"> <h2>3.1. Constants added by the <a class="reference internal" href="site.html#module-site" title="site: Module responsible for site-specific configuration."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">site</span></code></a> module<a class="headerlink" href="#constants-added-by-the-site-module" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> <p>The <a class="reference internal" href="site.html#module-site" title="site: Module responsible for site-specific configuration."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">site</span></code></a> module (which is imported automatically during startup, except if the <a class="reference internal" href="../using/cmdline.html#id3"><code class="xref std std-option docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-S</span></code></a> command-line option is given) adds several constants to the built-in namespace. They are useful for the interactive interpreter shell and should not be used in programs.</p> <dl class="data"> <dt id="quit"> <code class="descname">quit</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>code=None</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#quit" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dt id="exit"> <code class="descname">exit</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>code=None</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#exit" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Objects that when printed, print a message like “Use quit() or Ctrl-D (i.e. EOF) to exit”, and when called, raise <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#SystemExit" title="SystemExit"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SystemExit</span></code></a> with the specified exit code.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="data"> <dt id="copyright"> <code class="descname">copyright</code><a class="headerlink" href="#copyright" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dt id="credits"> <code class="descname">credits</code><a class="headerlink" href="#credits" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Objects that when printed or called, print the text of copyright or credits, respectively.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="data"> <dt id="license"> <code class="descname">license</code><a class="headerlink" href="#license" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Object that when printed, prints the message “Type license() to see the full license text”, and when called, displays the full license text in a pager-like fashion (one screen at a time).</p> </dd></dl> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sphinxsidebar" role="navigation" aria-label="main navigation"> <div class="sphinxsidebarwrapper"> <h3><a href="../contents.html">Table Of Contents</a></h3> <ul> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#">3. Built-in Constants</a><ul> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#constants-added-by-the-site-module">3.1. Constants added by the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">site</span></code> module</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h4>Previous topic</h4> <p class="topless"><a href="functions.html" title="previous chapter">2. Built-in Functions</a></p> <h4>Next topic</h4> <p class="topless"><a href="stdtypes.html" title="next chapter">4. 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