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Debugging and Profiling</a> &#187;</li> <li class="right"> <div class="inline-search" style="display: none" role="search"> <form class="inline-search" action="../search.html" method="get"> <input placeholder="Quick search" type="text" name="q" /> <input type="submit" value="Go" /> <input type="hidden" name="check_keywords" value="yes" /> <input type="hidden" name="area" value="default" /> </form> </div> <script type="text/javascript">$('.inline-search').show(0);</script> | </li> </ul> </div> <div class="document"> <div class="documentwrapper"> <div class="bodywrapper"> <div class="body" role="main"> <div class="section" id="module-bdb"> <span id="bdb-debugger-framework"></span><h1>27.1. <a class="reference internal" href="#module-bdb" title="bdb: Debugger framework."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bdb</span></code></a> — Debugger framework<a class="headerlink" href="#module-bdb" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1> <p><strong>Source code:</strong> <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.6/Lib/bdb.py">Lib/bdb.py</a></p> <hr class="docutils" /> <p>The <a class="reference internal" href="#module-bdb" title="bdb: Debugger framework."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bdb</span></code></a> module handles basic debugger functions, like setting breakpoints or managing execution via the debugger.</p> <p>The following exception is defined:</p> <dl class="exception"> <dt id="bdb.BdbQuit"> <em class="property">exception </em><code class="descclassname">bdb.</code><code class="descname">BdbQuit</code><a class="headerlink" href="#bdb.BdbQuit" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Exception raised by the <a class="reference internal" href="#bdb.Bdb" title="bdb.Bdb"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Bdb</span></code></a> class for quitting the debugger.</p> </dd></dl> <p>The <a class="reference internal" href="#module-bdb" title="bdb: Debugger framework."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bdb</span></code></a> module also defines two classes:</p> <dl class="class"> <dt id="bdb.Breakpoint"> <em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">bdb.</code><code class="descname">Breakpoint</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>self</em>, <em>file</em>, <em>line</em>, <em>temporary=0</em>, <em>cond=None</em>, <em>funcname=None</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#bdb.Breakpoint" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>This class implements temporary breakpoints, ignore counts, disabling and (re-)enabling, and conditionals.</p> <p>Breakpoints are indexed by number through a list called <code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bpbynumber</span></code> and by <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">(file,</span> <span class="pre">line)</span></code> pairs through <code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bplist</span></code>. The former points to a single instance of class <a class="reference internal" href="#bdb.Breakpoint" title="bdb.Breakpoint"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Breakpoint</span></code></a>. The latter points to a list of such instances since there may be more than one breakpoint per line.</p> <p>When creating a breakpoint, its associated filename should be in canonical form. If a <em>funcname</em> is defined, a breakpoint hit will be counted when the first line of that function is executed. A conditional breakpoint always counts a hit.</p> <p><a class="reference internal" href="#bdb.Breakpoint" title="bdb.Breakpoint"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Breakpoint</span></code></a> instances have the following methods:</p> <dl class="method"> <dt id="bdb.Breakpoint.deleteMe"> <code class="descname">deleteMe</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#bdb.Breakpoint.deleteMe" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Delete the breakpoint from the list associated to a file/line. If it is the last breakpoint in that position, it also deletes the entry for the file/line.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="bdb.Breakpoint.enable"> <code class="descname">enable</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#bdb.Breakpoint.enable" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Mark the breakpoint as enabled.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="bdb.Breakpoint.disable"> <code class="descname">disable</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#bdb.Breakpoint.disable" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Mark the breakpoint as disabled.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="bdb.Breakpoint.bpformat"> <code class="descname">bpformat</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#bdb.Breakpoint.bpformat" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Return a string with all the information about the breakpoint, nicely formatted:</p> <ul class="simple"> <li>The breakpoint number.</li> <li>If it is temporary or not.</li> <li>Its file,line position.</li> <li>The condition that causes a break.</li> <li>If it must be ignored the next N times.</li> <li>The breakpoint hit count.</li> </ul> <div class="versionadded"> <p><span class="versionmodified">New in version 3.2.</span></p> </div> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="bdb.Breakpoint.bpprint"> <code class="descname">bpprint</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>out=None</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#bdb.Breakpoint.bpprint" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Print the output of <a class="reference internal" href="#bdb.Breakpoint.bpformat" title="bdb.Breakpoint.bpformat"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bpformat()</span></code></a> to the file <em>out</em>, or if it is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code>, to standard output.</p> </dd></dl> </dd></dl> <dl class="class"> <dt id="bdb.Bdb"> <em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">bdb.</code><code class="descname">Bdb</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>skip=None</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#bdb.Bdb" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>The <a class="reference internal" href="#bdb.Bdb" title="bdb.Bdb"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Bdb</span></code></a> class acts as a generic Python debugger base class.</p> <p>This class takes care of the details of the trace facility; a derived class should implement user interaction. The standard debugger class (<a class="reference internal" href="pdb.html#pdb.Pdb" title="pdb.Pdb"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pdb.Pdb</span></code></a>) is an example.</p> <p>The <em>skip</em> argument, if given, must be an iterable of glob-style module name patterns. The debugger will not step into frames that originate in a module that matches one of these patterns. Whether a frame is considered to originate in a certain module is determined by the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__name__</span></code> in the frame globals.</p> <div class="versionadded"> <p><span class="versionmodified">New in version 3.1: </span>The <em>skip</em> argument.</p> </div> <p>The following methods of <a class="reference internal" href="#bdb.Bdb" title="bdb.Bdb"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Bdb</span></code></a> normally don’t need to be overridden.</p> <dl class="method"> <dt id="bdb.Bdb.canonic"> <code class="descname">canonic</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>filename</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#bdb.Bdb.canonic" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Auxiliary method for getting a filename in a canonical form, that is, as a case-normalized (on case-insensitive filesystems) absolute path, stripped of surrounding angle brackets.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="bdb.Bdb.reset"> <code class="descname">reset</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#bdb.Bdb.reset" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Set the <code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">botframe</span></code>, <code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">stopframe</span></code>, <code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">returnframe</span></code> and <code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">quitting</span></code> attributes with values ready to start debugging.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="bdb.Bdb.trace_dispatch"> <code class="descname">trace_dispatch</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>frame</em>, <em>event</em>, <em>arg</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#bdb.Bdb.trace_dispatch" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>This function is installed as the trace function of debugged frames. Its return value is the new trace function (in most cases, that is, itself).</p> <p>The default implementation decides how to dispatch a frame, depending on the type of event (passed as a string) that is about to be executed. <em>event</em> can be one of the following:</p> <ul class="simple"> <li><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">&quot;line&quot;</span></code>: A new line of code is going to be executed.</li> <li><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">&quot;call&quot;</span></code>: A function is about to be called, or another code block entered.</li> <li><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">&quot;return&quot;</span></code>: A function or other code block is about to return.</li> <li><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">&quot;exception&quot;</span></code>: An exception has occurred.</li> <li><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">&quot;c_call&quot;</span></code>: A C function is about to be called.</li> <li><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">&quot;c_return&quot;</span></code>: A C function has returned.</li> <li><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">&quot;c_exception&quot;</span></code>: A C function has raised an exception.</li> </ul> <p>For the Python events, specialized functions (see below) are called. For the C events, no action is taken.</p> <p>The <em>arg</em> parameter depends on the previous event.</p> <p>See the documentation for <a class="reference internal" href="sys.html#sys.settrace" title="sys.settrace"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.settrace()</span></code></a> for more information on the trace function. For more information on code and frame objects, refer to <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/datamodel.html#types"><span class="std std-ref">The standard type hierarchy</span></a>.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="bdb.Bdb.dispatch_line"> <code class="descname">dispatch_line</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>frame</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#bdb.Bdb.dispatch_line" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>If the debugger should stop on the current line, invoke the <a class="reference internal" href="#bdb.Bdb.user_line" title="bdb.Bdb.user_line"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">user_line()</span></code></a> method (which should be overridden in subclasses). Raise a <a class="reference internal" href="#bdb.BdbQuit" title="bdb.BdbQuit"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">BdbQuit</span></code></a> exception if the <code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Bdb.quitting</span></code> flag is set (which can be set from <a class="reference internal" href="#bdb.Bdb.user_line" title="bdb.Bdb.user_line"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">user_line()</span></code></a>). Return a reference to the <a class="reference internal" href="#bdb.Bdb.trace_dispatch" title="bdb.Bdb.trace_dispatch"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">trace_dispatch()</span></code></a> method for further tracing in that scope.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="bdb.Bdb.dispatch_call"> <code class="descname">dispatch_call</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>frame</em>, <em>arg</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#bdb.Bdb.dispatch_call" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>If the debugger should stop on this function call, invoke the <a class="reference internal" href="#bdb.Bdb.user_call" title="bdb.Bdb.user_call"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">user_call()</span></code></a> method (which should be overridden in subclasses). Raise a <a class="reference internal" href="#bdb.BdbQuit" title="bdb.BdbQuit"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">BdbQuit</span></code></a> exception if the <code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Bdb.quitting</span></code> flag is set (which can be set from <a class="reference internal" href="#bdb.Bdb.user_call" title="bdb.Bdb.user_call"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">user_call()</span></code></a>). Return a reference to the <a class="reference internal" href="#bdb.Bdb.trace_dispatch" title="bdb.Bdb.trace_dispatch"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">trace_dispatch()</span></code></a> method for further tracing in that scope.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="bdb.Bdb.dispatch_return"> <code class="descname">dispatch_return</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>frame</em>, <em>arg</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#bdb.Bdb.dispatch_return" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>If the debugger should stop on this function return, invoke the <a class="reference internal" href="#bdb.Bdb.user_return" title="bdb.Bdb.user_return"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">user_return()</span></code></a> method (which should be overridden in subclasses). Raise a <a class="reference internal" href="#bdb.BdbQuit" title="bdb.BdbQuit"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">BdbQuit</span></code></a> exception if the <code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Bdb.quitting</span></code> flag is set (which can be set from <a class="reference internal" href="#bdb.Bdb.user_return" title="bdb.Bdb.user_return"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">user_return()</span></code></a>). Return a reference to the <a class="reference internal" href="#bdb.Bdb.trace_dispatch" title="bdb.Bdb.trace_dispatch"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">trace_dispatch()</span></code></a> method for further tracing in that scope.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="bdb.Bdb.dispatch_exception"> <code class="descname">dispatch_exception</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>frame</em>, <em>arg</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#bdb.Bdb.dispatch_exception" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>If the debugger should stop at this exception, invokes the <a class="reference internal" href="#bdb.Bdb.user_exception" title="bdb.Bdb.user_exception"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">user_exception()</span></code></a> method (which should be overridden in subclasses). Raise a <a class="reference internal" href="#bdb.BdbQuit" title="bdb.BdbQuit"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">BdbQuit</span></code></a> exception if the <code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Bdb.quitting</span></code> flag is set (which can be set from <a class="reference internal" href="#bdb.Bdb.user_exception" title="bdb.Bdb.user_exception"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">user_exception()</span></code></a>). Return a reference to the <a class="reference internal" href="#bdb.Bdb.trace_dispatch" title="bdb.Bdb.trace_dispatch"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">trace_dispatch()</span></code></a> method for further tracing in that scope.</p> </dd></dl> <p>Normally derived classes don’t override the following methods, but they may if they want to redefine the definition of stopping and breakpoints.</p> <dl class="method"> <dt id="bdb.Bdb.stop_here"> <code class="descname">stop_here</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>frame</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#bdb.Bdb.stop_here" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>This method checks if the <em>frame</em> is somewhere below <code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">botframe</span></code> in the call stack. <code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">botframe</span></code> is the frame in which debugging started.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="bdb.Bdb.break_here"> <code class="descname">break_here</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>frame</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#bdb.Bdb.break_here" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>This method checks if there is a breakpoint in the filename and line belonging to <em>frame</em> or, at least, in the current function. If the breakpoint is a temporary one, this method deletes it.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="bdb.Bdb.break_anywhere"> <code class="descname">break_anywhere</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>frame</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#bdb.Bdb.break_anywhere" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>This method checks if there is a breakpoint in the filename of the current frame.</p> </dd></dl> <p>Derived classes should override these methods to gain control over debugger operation.</p> <dl class="method"> <dt id="bdb.Bdb.user_call"> <code class="descname">user_call</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>frame</em>, <em>argument_list</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#bdb.Bdb.user_call" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>This method is called from <a class="reference internal" href="#bdb.Bdb.dispatch_call" title="bdb.Bdb.dispatch_call"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">dispatch_call()</span></code></a> when there is the possibility that a break might be necessary anywhere inside the called function.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="bdb.Bdb.user_line"> <code class="descname">user_line</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>frame</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#bdb.Bdb.user_line" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>This method is called from <a class="reference internal" href="#bdb.Bdb.dispatch_line" title="bdb.Bdb.dispatch_line"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">dispatch_line()</span></code></a> when either <a class="reference internal" href="#bdb.Bdb.stop_here" title="bdb.Bdb.stop_here"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">stop_here()</span></code></a> or <a class="reference internal" href="#bdb.Bdb.break_here" title="bdb.Bdb.break_here"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">break_here()</span></code></a> yields <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code>.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="bdb.Bdb.user_return"> <code class="descname">user_return</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>frame</em>, <em>return_value</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#bdb.Bdb.user_return" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>This method is called from <a class="reference internal" href="#bdb.Bdb.dispatch_return" title="bdb.Bdb.dispatch_return"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">dispatch_return()</span></code></a> when <a class="reference internal" href="#bdb.Bdb.stop_here" title="bdb.Bdb.stop_here"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">stop_here()</span></code></a> yields <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code>.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="bdb.Bdb.user_exception"> <code class="descname">user_exception</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>frame</em>, <em>exc_info</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#bdb.Bdb.user_exception" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>This method is called from <a class="reference internal" href="#bdb.Bdb.dispatch_exception" title="bdb.Bdb.dispatch_exception"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">dispatch_exception()</span></code></a> when <a class="reference internal" href="#bdb.Bdb.stop_here" title="bdb.Bdb.stop_here"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">stop_here()</span></code></a> yields <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code>.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="bdb.Bdb.do_clear"> <code class="descname">do_clear</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>arg</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#bdb.Bdb.do_clear" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Handle how a breakpoint must be removed when it is a temporary one.</p> <p>This method must be implemented by derived classes.</p> </dd></dl> <p>Derived classes and clients can call the following methods to affect the stepping state.</p> <dl class="method"> <dt id="bdb.Bdb.set_step"> <code class="descname">set_step</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#bdb.Bdb.set_step" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Stop after one line of code.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="bdb.Bdb.set_next"> <code class="descname">set_next</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>frame</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#bdb.Bdb.set_next" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Stop on the next line in or below the given frame.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="bdb.Bdb.set_return"> <code class="descname">set_return</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>frame</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#bdb.Bdb.set_return" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Stop when returning from the given frame.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="bdb.Bdb.set_until"> <code class="descname">set_until</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>frame</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#bdb.Bdb.set_until" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Stop when the line with the line no greater than the current one is reached or when returning from current frame.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="bdb.Bdb.set_trace"> <code class="descname">set_trace</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>frame</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#bdb.Bdb.set_trace" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Start debugging from <em>frame</em>. If <em>frame</em> is not specified, debugging starts from caller’s frame.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="bdb.Bdb.set_continue"> <code class="descname">set_continue</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#bdb.Bdb.set_continue" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Stop only at breakpoints or when finished. If there are no breakpoints, set the system trace function to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code>.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="bdb.Bdb.set_quit"> <code class="descname">set_quit</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#bdb.Bdb.set_quit" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Set the <code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">quitting</span></code> attribute to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code>. This raises <a class="reference internal" href="#bdb.BdbQuit" title="bdb.BdbQuit"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">BdbQuit</span></code></a> in the next call to one of the <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">dispatch_*()</span></code> methods.</p> </dd></dl> <p>Derived classes and clients can call the following methods to manipulate breakpoints. These methods return a string containing an error message if something went wrong, or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code> if all is well.</p> <dl class="method"> <dt id="bdb.Bdb.set_break"> <code class="descname">set_break</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>filename</em>, <em>lineno</em>, <em>temporary=0</em>, <em>cond</em>, <em>funcname</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#bdb.Bdb.set_break" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Set a new breakpoint. If the <em>lineno</em> line doesn’t exist for the <em>filename</em> passed as argument, return an error message. The <em>filename</em> should be in canonical form, as described in the <a class="reference internal" href="#bdb.Bdb.canonic" title="bdb.Bdb.canonic"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">canonic()</span></code></a> method.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="bdb.Bdb.clear_break"> <code class="descname">clear_break</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>filename</em>, <em>lineno</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#bdb.Bdb.clear_break" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Delete the breakpoints in <em>filename</em> and <em>lineno</em>. If none were set, an error message is returned.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="bdb.Bdb.clear_bpbynumber"> <code class="descname">clear_bpbynumber</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>arg</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#bdb.Bdb.clear_bpbynumber" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Delete the breakpoint which has the index <em>arg</em> in the <code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Breakpoint.bpbynumber</span></code>. If <em>arg</em> is not numeric or out of range, return an error message.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="bdb.Bdb.clear_all_file_breaks"> <code class="descname">clear_all_file_breaks</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>filename</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#bdb.Bdb.clear_all_file_breaks" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Delete all breakpoints in <em>filename</em>. If none were set, an error message is returned.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="bdb.Bdb.clear_all_breaks"> <code class="descname">clear_all_breaks</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#bdb.Bdb.clear_all_breaks" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Delete all existing breakpoints.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="bdb.Bdb.get_bpbynumber"> <code class="descname">get_bpbynumber</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>arg</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#bdb.Bdb.get_bpbynumber" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Return a breakpoint specified by the given number. If <em>arg</em> is a string, it will be converted to a number. If <em>arg</em> is a non-numeric string, if the given breakpoint never existed or has been deleted, a <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#ValueError" title="ValueError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ValueError</span></code></a> is raised.</p> <div class="versionadded"> <p><span class="versionmodified">New in version 3.2.</span></p> </div> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="bdb.Bdb.get_break"> <code class="descname">get_break</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>filename</em>, <em>lineno</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#bdb.Bdb.get_break" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Check if there is a breakpoint for <em>lineno</em> of <em>filename</em>.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="bdb.Bdb.get_breaks"> <code class="descname">get_breaks</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>filename</em>, <em>lineno</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#bdb.Bdb.get_breaks" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Return all breakpoints for <em>lineno</em> in <em>filename</em>, or an empty list if none are set.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="bdb.Bdb.get_file_breaks"> <code class="descname">get_file_breaks</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>filename</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#bdb.Bdb.get_file_breaks" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Return all breakpoints in <em>filename</em>, or an empty list if none are set.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="bdb.Bdb.get_all_breaks"> <code class="descname">get_all_breaks</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#bdb.Bdb.get_all_breaks" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Return all breakpoints that are set.</p> </dd></dl> <p>Derived classes and clients can call the following methods to get a data structure representing a stack trace.</p> <dl class="method"> <dt id="bdb.Bdb.get_stack"> <code class="descname">get_stack</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>f</em>, <em>t</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#bdb.Bdb.get_stack" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Get a list of records for a frame and all higher (calling) and lower frames, and the size of the higher part.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="bdb.Bdb.format_stack_entry"> <code class="descname">format_stack_entry</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>frame_lineno</em>, <em>lprefix=': '</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#bdb.Bdb.format_stack_entry" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Return a string with information about a stack entry, identified by a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">(frame,</span> <span class="pre">lineno)</span></code> tuple:</p> <ul class="simple"> <li>The canonical form of the filename which contains the frame.</li> <li>The function name, or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">&quot;&lt;lambda&gt;&quot;</span></code>.</li> <li>The input arguments.</li> <li>The return value.</li> <li>The line of code (if it exists).</li> </ul> </dd></dl> <p>The following two methods can be called by clients to use a debugger to debug a <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-statement"><span class="xref std std-term">statement</span></a>, given as a string.</p> <dl class="method"> <dt id="bdb.Bdb.run"> <code class="descname">run</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>cmd</em>, <em>globals=None</em>, <em>locals=None</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#bdb.Bdb.run" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Debug a statement executed via the <a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#exec" title="exec"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">exec()</span></code></a> function. <em>globals</em> defaults to <code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__main__.__dict__</span></code>, <em>locals</em> defaults to <em>globals</em>.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="bdb.Bdb.runeval"> <code class="descname">runeval</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>expr</em>, <em>globals=None</em>, <em>locals=None</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#bdb.Bdb.runeval" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Debug an expression executed via the <a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#eval" title="eval"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">eval()</span></code></a> function. <em>globals</em> and <em>locals</em> have the same meaning as in <a class="reference internal" href="#bdb.Bdb.run" title="bdb.Bdb.run"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">run()</span></code></a>.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="bdb.Bdb.runctx"> <code class="descname">runctx</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>cmd</em>, <em>globals</em>, <em>locals</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#bdb.Bdb.runctx" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>For backwards compatibility. Calls the <a class="reference internal" href="#bdb.Bdb.run" title="bdb.Bdb.run"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">run()</span></code></a> method.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="bdb.Bdb.runcall"> <code class="descname">runcall</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>func</em>, <em>*args</em>, <em>**kwds</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#bdb.Bdb.runcall" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Debug a single function call, and return its result.</p> </dd></dl> </dd></dl> <p>Finally, the module defines the following functions:</p> <dl class="function"> <dt id="bdb.checkfuncname"> <code class="descclassname">bdb.</code><code class="descname">checkfuncname</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>b</em>, <em>frame</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#bdb.checkfuncname" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Check whether we should break here, depending on the way the breakpoint <em>b</em> was set.</p> <p>If it was set via line number, it checks if <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">b.line</span></code> is the same as the one in the frame also passed as argument. If the breakpoint was set via function name, we have to check we are in the right frame (the right function) and if we are in its first executable line.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="bdb.effective"> <code class="descclassname">bdb.</code><code class="descname">effective</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>file</em>, <em>line</em>, <em>frame</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#bdb.effective" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Determine if there is an effective (active) breakpoint at this line of code. Return a tuple of the breakpoint and a boolean that indicates if it is ok to delete a temporary breakpoint. Return <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">(None,</span> <span class="pre">None)</span></code> if there is no matching breakpoint.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="bdb.set_trace"> <code class="descclassname">bdb.</code><code class="descname">set_trace</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#bdb.set_trace" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Start debugging with a <a class="reference internal" href="#bdb.Bdb" title="bdb.Bdb"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Bdb</span></code></a> instance from caller’s frame.</p> </dd></dl> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sphinxsidebar" role="navigation" aria-label="main navigation"> <div class="sphinxsidebarwrapper"> <h4>Previous topic</h4> <p class="topless"><a href="debug.html" title="previous chapter">27. Debugging and Profiling</a></p> <h4>Next topic</h4> <p class="topless"><a href="faulthandler.html" title="next chapter">27.2. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">faulthandler</span></code> — Dump the Python traceback</a></p> <div role="note" aria-label="source link"> <h3>This Page</h3> <ul class="this-page-menu"> <li><a href="../bugs.html">Report a Bug</a></li> <li> <a href="https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/3.6/Doc/library/bdb.rst" rel="nofollow">Show Source </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearer"></div> </div> <div class="related" role="navigation" aria-label="related navigation"> <h3>Navigation</h3> <ul> <li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px"> <a href="../genindex.html" title="General Index" >index</a></li> <li class="right" > <a href="../py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index" >modules</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="faulthandler.html" title="27.2. faulthandler — Dump the Python traceback" >next</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="debug.html" title="27. 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