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When used on object types for which they do not apply, they will raise a Python exception.</p> <p>It is not possible to use these functions on objects that are not properly initialized, such as a list object that has been created by <a class="reference internal" href="list.html#c.PyList_New" title="PyList_New"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyList_New()</span></code></a>, but whose items have not been set to some non-<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code> value yet.</p> <div class="toctree-wrapper compound"> <ul> <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="object.html">Object Protocol</a></li> <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="number.html">Number Protocol</a></li> <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="sequence.html">Sequence Protocol</a></li> <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="mapping.html">Mapping Protocol</a></li> <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="iter.html">Iterator Protocol</a></li> <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="buffer.html">Buffer Protocol</a><ul> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="buffer.html#buffer-structure">Buffer structure</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="buffer.html#buffer-request-types">Buffer request types</a><ul> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="buffer.html#request-independent-fields">request-independent fields</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="buffer.html#readonly-format">readonly, format</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="buffer.html#shape-strides-suboffsets">shape, strides, suboffsets</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="buffer.html#contiguity-requests">contiguity requests</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="buffer.html#compound-requests">compound requests</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="buffer.html#complex-arrays">Complex arrays</a><ul> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="buffer.html#numpy-style-shape-and-strides">NumPy-style: shape and strides</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="buffer.html#pil-style-shape-strides-and-suboffsets">PIL-style: shape, strides and suboffsets</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="buffer.html#buffer-related-functions">Buffer-related functions</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="objbuffer.html">Old Buffer Protocol</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sphinxsidebar" role="navigation" aria-label="main navigation"> <div class="sphinxsidebarwrapper"> <h4>Previous topic</h4> <p class="topless"><a href="codec.html" title="previous chapter">Codec registry and support functions</a></p> <h4>Next topic</h4> <p class="topless"><a href="object.html" title="next chapter">Object Protocol</a></p> <div role="note" aria-label="source link"> <h3>This Page</h3> <ul class="this-page-menu"> <li><a href="../bugs.html">Report a Bug</a></li> <li> <a href="https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/3.6/Doc/c-api/abstract.rst" rel="nofollow">Show Source </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearer"></div> </div> <div class="related" role="navigation" aria-label="related navigation"> <h3>Navigation</h3> <ul> <li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px"> <a href="../genindex.html" title="General Index" >index</a></li> <li class="right" > <a href="../py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index" >modules</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="object.html" title="Object Protocol" >next</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="codec.html" title="Codec registry and support functions" >previous</a> |</li> <li><img src="../_static/py.png" alt="" style="vertical-align: middle; 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