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Internet Protocols and Support</a> &#187;</li> </ul> </div> <div class="document"> <div class="documentwrapper"> <div class="bodywrapper"> <div class="body" role="main"> <div class="section" id="module-Cookie"> <span id="cookie-http-state-management"></span><h1>20.22. <a class="reference internal" href="#module-Cookie" title="Cookie: Support for HTTP state management (cookies)."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Cookie</span></code></a> — HTTP state management<a class="headerlink" href="#module-Cookie" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1> <div class="admonition note"> <p class="first admonition-title">Note</p> <p class="last">The <a class="reference internal" href="#module-Cookie" title="Cookie: Support for HTTP state management (cookies)."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Cookie</span></code></a> module has been renamed to <code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">http.cookies</span></code> in Python 3. The <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-2to3"><span class="xref std std-term">2to3</span></a> tool will automatically adapt imports when converting your sources to Python 3.</p> </div> <p><strong>Source code:</strong> <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/2.7/Lib/Cookie.py">Lib/Cookie.py</a></p> <hr class="docutils" /> <p>The <a class="reference internal" href="#module-Cookie" title="Cookie: Support for HTTP state management (cookies)."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Cookie</span></code></a> module defines classes for abstracting the concept of cookies, an HTTP state management mechanism. It supports both simple string-only cookies, and provides an abstraction for having any serializable data-type as cookie value.</p> <p>The module formerly strictly applied the parsing rules described in the <span class="target" id="index-0"></span><a class="rfc reference external" href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2109.html"><strong>RFC 2109</strong></a> and <span class="target" id="index-1"></span><a class="rfc reference external" href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2068.html"><strong>RFC 2068</strong></a> specifications. It has since been discovered that MSIE 3.0x doesn’t follow the character rules outlined in those specs and also many current day browsers and servers have relaxed parsing rules when comes to Cookie handling. As a result, the parsing rules used are a bit less strict.</p> <p>The character set, <a class="reference internal" href="string.html#string.ascii_letters" title="string.ascii_letters"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">string.ascii_letters</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="string.html#string.digits" title="string.digits"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">string.digits</span></code></a> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">!#$%&amp;'*+-.^_`|~</span></code> denote the set of valid characters allowed by this module in Cookie name (as <a class="reference internal" href="#Cookie.Morsel.key" title="Cookie.Morsel.key"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">key</span></code></a>).</p> <div class="admonition note"> <p class="first admonition-title">Note</p> <p class="last">On encountering an invalid cookie, <a class="reference internal" href="#Cookie.CookieError" title="Cookie.CookieError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">CookieError</span></code></a> is raised, so if your cookie data comes from a browser you should always prepare for invalid data and catch <a class="reference internal" href="#Cookie.CookieError" title="Cookie.CookieError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">CookieError</span></code></a> on parsing.</p> </div> <dl class="exception"> <dt id="Cookie.CookieError"> <em class="property">exception </em><code class="descclassname">Cookie.</code><code class="descname">CookieError</code><a class="headerlink" href="#Cookie.CookieError" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Exception failing because of <span class="target" id="index-2"></span><a class="rfc reference external" href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2109.html"><strong>RFC 2109</strong></a> invalidity: incorrect attributes, incorrect <em class="mailheader">Set-Cookie</em> header, etc.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="class"> <dt id="Cookie.BaseCookie"> <em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">Cookie.</code><code class="descname">BaseCookie</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>input</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#Cookie.BaseCookie" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>This class is a dictionary-like object whose keys are strings and whose values are <a class="reference internal" href="#Cookie.Morsel" title="Cookie.Morsel"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Morsel</span></code></a> instances. Note that upon setting a key to a value, the value is first converted to a <a class="reference internal" href="#Cookie.Morsel" title="Cookie.Morsel"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Morsel</span></code></a> containing the key and the value.</p> <p>If <em>input</em> is given, it is passed to the <a class="reference internal" href="#Cookie.BaseCookie.load" title="Cookie.BaseCookie.load"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">load()</span></code></a> method.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="class"> <dt id="Cookie.SimpleCookie"> <em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">Cookie.</code><code class="descname">SimpleCookie</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>input</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#Cookie.SimpleCookie" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>This class derives from <a class="reference internal" href="#Cookie.BaseCookie" title="Cookie.BaseCookie"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">BaseCookie</span></code></a> and overrides <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">value_decode()</span></code> and <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">value_encode()</span></code> to be the identity and <a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#str" title="str"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">str()</span></code></a> respectively.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="class"> <dt id="Cookie.SerialCookie"> <em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">Cookie.</code><code class="descname">SerialCookie</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>input</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#Cookie.SerialCookie" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>This class derives from <a class="reference internal" href="#Cookie.BaseCookie" title="Cookie.BaseCookie"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">BaseCookie</span></code></a> and overrides <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">value_decode()</span></code> and <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">value_encode()</span></code> to be the <a class="reference internal" href="pickle.html#pickle.loads" title="pickle.loads"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pickle.loads()</span></code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="pickle.html#pickle.dumps" title="pickle.dumps"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pickle.dumps()</span></code></a>.</p> <div class="deprecated"> <p><span class="versionmodified">Deprecated since version 2.3: </span>Reading pickled values from untrusted cookie data is a huge security hole, as pickle strings can be crafted to cause arbitrary code to execute on your server. It is supported for backwards compatibility only, and may eventually go away.</p> </div> </dd></dl> <dl class="class"> <dt id="Cookie.SmartCookie"> <em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">Cookie.</code><code class="descname">SmartCookie</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>input</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#Cookie.SmartCookie" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>This class derives from <a class="reference internal" href="#Cookie.BaseCookie" title="Cookie.BaseCookie"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">BaseCookie</span></code></a>. It overrides <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">value_decode()</span></code> to be <a class="reference internal" href="pickle.html#pickle.loads" title="pickle.loads"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pickle.loads()</span></code></a> if it is a valid pickle, and otherwise the value itself. It overrides <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">value_encode()</span></code> to be <a class="reference internal" href="pickle.html#pickle.dumps" title="pickle.dumps"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pickle.dumps()</span></code></a> unless it is a string, in which case it returns the value itself.</p> <div class="deprecated"> <p><span class="versionmodified">Deprecated since version 2.3: </span>The same security warning from <a class="reference internal" href="#Cookie.SerialCookie" title="Cookie.SerialCookie"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SerialCookie</span></code></a> applies here.</p> </div> </dd></dl> <p>A further security note is warranted. For backwards compatibility, the <a class="reference internal" href="#module-Cookie" title="Cookie: Support for HTTP state management (cookies)."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Cookie</span></code></a> module exports a class named <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Cookie</span></code> which is just an alias for <a class="reference internal" href="#Cookie.SmartCookie" title="Cookie.SmartCookie"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SmartCookie</span></code></a>. This is probably a mistake and will likely be removed in a future version. You should not use the <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Cookie</span></code> class in your applications, for the same reason why you should not use the <a class="reference internal" href="#Cookie.SerialCookie" title="Cookie.SerialCookie"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SerialCookie</span></code></a> class.</p> <div class="admonition seealso"> <p class="first admonition-title">See also</p> <dl class="last docutils"> <dt>Module <a class="reference internal" href="cookielib.html#module-cookielib" title="cookielib: Classes for automatic handling of HTTP cookies."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">cookielib</span></code></a></dt> <dd>HTTP cookie handling for web <em>clients</em>. The <a class="reference internal" href="cookielib.html#module-cookielib" title="cookielib: Classes for automatic handling of HTTP cookies."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">cookielib</span></code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="#module-Cookie" title="Cookie: Support for HTTP state management (cookies)."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Cookie</span></code></a> modules do not depend on each other.</dd> <dt><span class="target" id="index-3"></span><a class="rfc reference external" href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2109.html"><strong>RFC 2109</strong></a> - HTTP State Management Mechanism</dt> <dd>This is the state management specification implemented by this module.</dd> </dl> </div> <div class="section" id="cookie-objects"> <span id="id1"></span><h2>20.22.1. Cookie Objects<a class="headerlink" href="#cookie-objects" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> <dl class="method"> <dt id="Cookie.BaseCookie.value_decode"> <code class="descclassname">BaseCookie.</code><code class="descname">value_decode</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>val</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#Cookie.BaseCookie.value_decode" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Return a decoded value from a string representation. Return value can be any type. This method does nothing in <a class="reference internal" href="#Cookie.BaseCookie" title="Cookie.BaseCookie"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">BaseCookie</span></code></a> — it exists so it can be overridden.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="Cookie.BaseCookie.value_encode"> <code class="descclassname">BaseCookie.</code><code class="descname">value_encode</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>val</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#Cookie.BaseCookie.value_encode" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Return an encoded value. <em>val</em> can be any type, but return value must be a string. This method does nothing in <a class="reference internal" href="#Cookie.BaseCookie" title="Cookie.BaseCookie"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">BaseCookie</span></code></a> — it exists so it can be overridden.</p> <p>In general, it should be the case that <a class="reference internal" href="#Cookie.BaseCookie.value_encode" title="Cookie.BaseCookie.value_encode"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">value_encode()</span></code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="#Cookie.BaseCookie.value_decode" title="Cookie.BaseCookie.value_decode"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">value_decode()</span></code></a> are inverses on the range of <em>value_decode</em>.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="Cookie.BaseCookie.output"> <code class="descclassname">BaseCookie.</code><code class="descname">output</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>attrs</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>header</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>sep</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#Cookie.BaseCookie.output" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Return a string representation suitable to be sent as HTTP headers. <em>attrs</em> and <em>header</em> are sent to each <a class="reference internal" href="#Cookie.Morsel" title="Cookie.Morsel"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Morsel</span></code></a>’s <a class="reference internal" href="#Cookie.BaseCookie.output" title="Cookie.BaseCookie.output"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">output()</span></code></a> method. <em>sep</em> is used to join the headers together, and is by default the combination <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'\r\n'</span></code> (CRLF).</p> <div class="versionchanged"> <p><span class="versionmodified">Changed in version 2.5: </span>The default separator has been changed from <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'\n'</span></code> to match the cookie specification.</p> </div> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="Cookie.BaseCookie.js_output"> <code class="descclassname">BaseCookie.</code><code class="descname">js_output</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>attrs</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#Cookie.BaseCookie.js_output" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Return an embeddable JavaScript snippet, which, if run on a browser which supports JavaScript, will act the same as if the HTTP headers was sent.</p> <p>The meaning for <em>attrs</em> is the same as in <a class="reference internal" href="#Cookie.BaseCookie.output" title="Cookie.BaseCookie.output"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">output()</span></code></a>.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="Cookie.BaseCookie.load"> <code class="descclassname">BaseCookie.</code><code class="descname">load</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>rawdata</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#Cookie.BaseCookie.load" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>If <em>rawdata</em> is a string, parse it as an <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">HTTP_COOKIE</span></code> and add the values found there as <a class="reference internal" href="#Cookie.Morsel" title="Cookie.Morsel"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Morsel</span></code></a>s. If it is a dictionary, it is equivalent to:</p> <div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">k</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">v</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">rawdata</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">items</span><span class="p">():</span> <span class="n">cookie</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">k</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">v</span> </pre></div> </div> </dd></dl> </div> <div class="section" id="morsel-objects"> <span id="id2"></span><h2>20.22.2. Morsel Objects<a class="headerlink" href="#morsel-objects" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> <dl class="class"> <dt id="Cookie.Morsel"> <em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">Cookie.</code><code class="descname">Morsel</code><a class="headerlink" href="#Cookie.Morsel" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Abstract a key/value pair, which has some <span class="target" id="index-4"></span><a class="rfc reference external" href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2109.html"><strong>RFC 2109</strong></a> attributes.</p> <p>Morsels are dictionary-like objects, whose set of keys is constant — the valid <span class="target" id="index-5"></span><a class="rfc reference external" href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2109.html"><strong>RFC 2109</strong></a> attributes, which are</p> <ul class="simple"> <li><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">expires</span></code></li> <li><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">path</span></code></li> <li><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">comment</span></code></li> <li><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">domain</span></code></li> <li><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">max-age</span></code></li> <li><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">secure</span></code></li> <li><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">version</span></code></li> <li><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">httponly</span></code></li> </ul> <p>The attribute <code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">httponly</span></code> specifies that the cookie is only transferred in HTTP requests, and is not accessible through JavaScript. This is intended to mitigate some forms of cross-site scripting.</p> <p>The keys are case-insensitive.</p> <div class="versionadded"> <p><span class="versionmodified">New in version 2.6: </span>The <code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">httponly</span></code> attribute was added.</p> </div> </dd></dl> <dl class="attribute"> <dt id="Cookie.Morsel.value"> <code class="descclassname">Morsel.</code><code class="descname">value</code><a class="headerlink" href="#Cookie.Morsel.value" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>The value of the cookie.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="attribute"> <dt id="Cookie.Morsel.coded_value"> <code class="descclassname">Morsel.</code><code class="descname">coded_value</code><a class="headerlink" href="#Cookie.Morsel.coded_value" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>The encoded value of the cookie — this is what should be sent.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="attribute"> <dt id="Cookie.Morsel.key"> <code class="descclassname">Morsel.</code><code class="descname">key</code><a class="headerlink" href="#Cookie.Morsel.key" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>The name of the cookie.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="Cookie.Morsel.set"> <code class="descclassname">Morsel.</code><code class="descname">set</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>key</em>, <em>value</em>, <em>coded_value</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#Cookie.Morsel.set" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Set the <em>key</em>, <em>value</em> and <em>coded_value</em> attributes.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="Cookie.Morsel.isReservedKey"> <code class="descclassname">Morsel.</code><code class="descname">isReservedKey</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>K</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#Cookie.Morsel.isReservedKey" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Whether <em>K</em> is a member of the set of keys of a <a class="reference internal" href="#Cookie.Morsel" title="Cookie.Morsel"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Morsel</span></code></a>.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="Cookie.Morsel.output"> <code class="descclassname">Morsel.</code><code class="descname">output</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>attrs</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>header</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#Cookie.Morsel.output" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Return a string representation of the Morsel, suitable to be sent as an HTTP header. By default, all the attributes are included, unless <em>attrs</em> is given, in which case it should be a list of attributes to use. <em>header</em> is by default <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">&quot;Set-Cookie:&quot;</span></code>.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="Cookie.Morsel.js_output"> <code class="descclassname">Morsel.</code><code class="descname">js_output</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>attrs</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#Cookie.Morsel.js_output" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Return an embeddable JavaScript snippet, which, if run on a browser which supports JavaScript, will act the same as if the HTTP header was sent.</p> <p>The meaning for <em>attrs</em> is the same as in <a class="reference internal" href="#Cookie.Morsel.output" title="Cookie.Morsel.output"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">output()</span></code></a>.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="Cookie.Morsel.OutputString"> <code class="descclassname">Morsel.</code><code class="descname">OutputString</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>attrs</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#Cookie.Morsel.OutputString" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Return a string representing the Morsel, without any surrounding HTTP or JavaScript.</p> <p>The meaning for <em>attrs</em> is the same as in <a class="reference internal" href="#Cookie.Morsel.output" title="Cookie.Morsel.output"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">output()</span></code></a>.</p> </dd></dl> </div> <div class="section" id="example"> <span id="cookie-example"></span><h2>20.22.3. Example<a class="headerlink" href="#example" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> <p>The following example demonstrates how to use the <a class="reference internal" href="#module-Cookie" title="Cookie: Support for HTTP state management (cookies)."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Cookie</span></code></a> module.</p> <div class="highlight-pycon notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">Cookie</span> <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">C</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Cookie</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SimpleCookie</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">C</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">&quot;fig&quot;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;newton&quot;</span> <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">C</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">&quot;sugar&quot;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;wafer&quot;</span> <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="k">print</span> <span class="n">C</span> <span class="c1"># generate HTTP headers</span> <span class="go">Set-Cookie: fig=newton</span> <span class="go">Set-Cookie: sugar=wafer</span> <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="k">print</span> <span class="n">C</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">output</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="c1"># same thing</span> <span class="go">Set-Cookie: fig=newton</span> <span class="go">Set-Cookie: sugar=wafer</span> <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">C</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Cookie</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SimpleCookie</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">C</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">&quot;rocky&quot;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;road&quot;</span> <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">C</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">&quot;rocky&quot;</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="s2">&quot;path&quot;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;/cookie&quot;</span> <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="k">print</span> <span class="n">C</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">output</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">header</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;Cookie:&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="go">Cookie: rocky=road; Path=/cookie</span> <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="k">print</span> <span class="n">C</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">output</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">attrs</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">[],</span> <span class="n">header</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;Cookie:&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="go">Cookie: rocky=road</span> <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">C</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Cookie</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SimpleCookie</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">C</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">load</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;chips=ahoy; vienna=finger&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># load from a string (HTTP header)</span> <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="k">print</span> <span class="n">C</span> <span class="go">Set-Cookie: chips=ahoy</span> <span class="go">Set-Cookie: vienna=finger</span> <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">C</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Cookie</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SimpleCookie</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">C</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">load</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;keebler=&quot;E=everybody; L=</span><span class="se">\\</span><span class="s1">&quot;Loves</span><span class="se">\\</span><span class="s1">&quot;; fudge=</span><span class="se">\\</span><span class="s1">012;&quot;;&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="k">print</span> <span class="n">C</span> <span class="go">Set-Cookie: keebler=&quot;E=everybody; L=\&quot;Loves\&quot;; fudge=\012;&quot;</span> <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">C</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Cookie</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SimpleCookie</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">C</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">&quot;oreo&quot;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;doublestuff&quot;</span> <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">C</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">&quot;oreo&quot;</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="s2">&quot;path&quot;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;/&quot;</span> <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="k">print</span> <span class="n">C</span> <span class="go">Set-Cookie: oreo=doublestuff; Path=/</span> <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">C</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">&quot;twix&quot;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;none for you&quot;</span> <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">C</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">&quot;twix&quot;</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">value</span> <span class="go">&#39;none for you&#39;</span> <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">C</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Cookie</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SimpleCookie</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">C</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">&quot;number&quot;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">7</span> <span class="c1"># equivalent to C[&quot;number&quot;] = str(7)</span> <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">C</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">&quot;string&quot;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;seven&quot;</span> <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">C</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">&quot;number&quot;</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">value</span> <span class="go">&#39;7&#39;</span> <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">C</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">&quot;string&quot;</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">value</span> <span class="go">&#39;seven&#39;</span> <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="k">print</span> <span class="n">C</span> <span class="go">Set-Cookie: number=7</span> <span class="go">Set-Cookie: string=seven</span> <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="c1"># SerialCookie and SmartCookie are deprecated</span> <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="c1"># using it can cause security loopholes in your code.</span> <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">C</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Cookie</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SerialCookie</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">C</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">&quot;number&quot;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">7</span> <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">C</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">&quot;string&quot;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;seven&quot;</span> <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">C</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">&quot;number&quot;</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">value</span> <span class="go">7</span> <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">C</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">&quot;string&quot;</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">value</span> <span class="go">&#39;seven&#39;</span> <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="k">print</span> <span class="n">C</span> <span class="go">Set-Cookie: number=&quot;I7\012.&quot;</span> <span class="go">Set-Cookie: string=&quot;S&#39;seven&#39;\012p1\012.&quot;</span> <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">C</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Cookie</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SmartCookie</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">C</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">&quot;number&quot;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">7</span> <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">C</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">&quot;string&quot;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;seven&quot;</span> <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">C</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">&quot;number&quot;</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">value</span> <span class="go">7</span> <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">C</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">&quot;string&quot;</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">value</span> <span class="go">&#39;seven&#39;</span> <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="k">print</span> <span class="n">C</span> <span class="go">Set-Cookie: number=&quot;I7\012.&quot;</span> <span class="go">Set-Cookie: string=seven</span> </pre></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sphinxsidebar" role="navigation" aria-label="main navigation"> <div class="sphinxsidebarwrapper"> <h3><a href="../contents.html">Table Of Contents</a></h3> <ul> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#">20.22. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Cookie</span></code> — HTTP state management</a><ul> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#cookie-objects">20.22.1. Cookie Objects</a></li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#morsel-objects">20.22.2. Morsel Objects</a></li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#example">20.22.3. Example</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h4>Previous topic</h4> <p class="topless"><a href="cookielib.html" title="previous chapter">20.21. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">cookielib</span></code> — Cookie handling for HTTP clients</a></p> <h4>Next topic</h4> <p class="topless"><a href="xmlrpclib.html" title="next chapter">20.23. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xmlrpclib</span></code> — XML-RPC client access</a></p> <div role="note" aria-label="source link"> <h3>This Page</h3> <ul class="this-page-menu"> <li><a href="../_sources/library/cookie.rst.txt" rel="nofollow">Show Source</a></li> </ul> </div> <div id="searchbox" style="display: none" role="search"> <h3>Quick search</h3> <div class="searchformwrapper"> <form class="search" action="../search.html" method="get"> <input type="text" name="q" /> <input type="submit" value="Go" /> <input type="hidden" name="check_keywords" value="yes" /> <input type="hidden" name="area" value="default" /> </form> </div> </div> <script type="text/javascript">$('#searchbox').show(0);</script> </div> </div> <div class="clearer"></div> </div> <div class="related" role="navigation" aria-label="related navigation"> <h3>Navigation</h3> <ul> <li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px"> <a href="../genindex.html" title="General Index" >index</a></li> <li class="right" > <a href="../py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index" >modules</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="xmlrpclib.html" title="20.23. xmlrpclib — XML-RPC client access" >next</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="cookielib.html" title="20.21. cookielib — Cookie handling for HTTP clients" >previous</a> |</li> <li><img src="../_static/py.png" alt="" style="vertical-align: middle; margin-top: -1px"/></li> <li><a href="https://www.python.org/">Python</a> &#187;</li> <li> <a href="../index.html">Python 2.7.16 documentation</a> &#187; </li> <li class="nav-item nav-item-1"><a href="index.html" >The Python Standard Library</a> &#187;</li> <li class="nav-item nav-item-2"><a href="internet.html" >20. 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