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Data Compression and Archiving</a> &#187;</li> </ul> </div> <div class="document"> <div class="documentwrapper"> <div class="bodywrapper"> <div class="body" role="main"> <div class="section" id="module-bz2"> <span id="bz2-compression-compatible-with-bzip2"></span><h1>12.3. <a class="reference internal" href="#module-bz2" title="bz2: Interface to compression and decompression routines compatible with bzip2."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bz2</span></code></a> — Compression compatible with <strong class="program">bzip2</strong><a class="headerlink" href="#module-bz2" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1> <div class="versionadded"> <p><span class="versionmodified">New in version 2.3.</span></p> </div> <p>This module provides a comprehensive interface for the bz2 compression library. It implements a complete file interface, one-shot (de)compression functions, and types for sequential (de)compression.</p> <p>Here is a summary of the features offered by the bz2 module:</p> <ul class="simple"> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#bz2.BZ2File" title="bz2.BZ2File"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">BZ2File</span></code></a> class implements a complete file interface, including <a class="reference internal" href="#bz2.BZ2File.readline" title="bz2.BZ2File.readline"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">readline()</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#bz2.BZ2File.readlines" title="bz2.BZ2File.readlines"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">readlines()</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#bz2.BZ2File.writelines" title="bz2.BZ2File.writelines"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">writelines()</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#bz2.BZ2File.seek" title="bz2.BZ2File.seek"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">seek()</span></code></a>, etc;</li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#bz2.BZ2File" title="bz2.BZ2File"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">BZ2File</span></code></a> class implements emulated <a class="reference internal" href="#bz2.BZ2File.seek" title="bz2.BZ2File.seek"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">seek()</span></code></a> support;</li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#bz2.BZ2File" title="bz2.BZ2File"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">BZ2File</span></code></a> class implements universal newline support;</li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#bz2.BZ2File" title="bz2.BZ2File"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">BZ2File</span></code></a> class offers an optimized line iteration using the readahead algorithm borrowed from file objects;</li> <li>Sequential (de)compression supported by <a class="reference internal" href="#bz2.BZ2Compressor" title="bz2.BZ2Compressor"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">BZ2Compressor</span></code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="#bz2.BZ2Decompressor" title="bz2.BZ2Decompressor"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">BZ2Decompressor</span></code></a> classes;</li> <li>One-shot (de)compression supported by <a class="reference internal" href="#bz2.compress" title="bz2.compress"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">compress()</span></code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="#bz2.decompress" title="bz2.decompress"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">decompress()</span></code></a> functions;</li> <li>Thread safety uses individual locking mechanism.</li> </ul> <div class="admonition note"> <p class="first admonition-title">Note</p> <p class="last">Handling of multi-stream bzip2 files is not supported. Modules such as <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/nvawda/bz2file">bz2file</a> let you overcome this.</p> </div> <div class="section" id="de-compression-of-files"> <h2>12.3.1. (De)compression of files<a class="headerlink" href="#de-compression-of-files" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> <p>Handling of compressed files is offered by the <a class="reference internal" href="#bz2.BZ2File" title="bz2.BZ2File"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">BZ2File</span></code></a> class.</p> <span class="target" id="index-0"></span><dl class="class"> <dt id="bz2.BZ2File"> <em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">bz2.</code><code class="descname">BZ2File</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>filename</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>mode</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>buffering</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>compresslevel</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#bz2.BZ2File" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Open a bz2 file. Mode can be either <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'r'</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'w'</span></code>, for reading (default) or writing. When opened for writing, the file will be created if it doesn’t exist, and truncated otherwise. If <em>buffering</em> is given, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0</span></code> means unbuffered, and larger numbers specify the buffer size; the default is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0</span></code>. If <em>compresslevel</em> is given, it must be a number between <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">1</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">9</span></code>; the default is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">9</span></code>. Add a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'U'</span></code> to mode to open the file for input in <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-universal-newlines"><span class="xref std std-term">universal newlines</span></a> mode. Any line ending in the input file will be seen as a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'\n'</span></code> in Python. Also, a file so opened gains the attribute <code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">newlines</span></code>; the value for this attribute is one of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code> (no newline read yet), <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'\r'</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'\n'</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'\r\n'</span></code> or a tuple containing all the newline types seen. Universal newlines are available only when reading. Instances support iteration in the same way as normal <a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#file" title="file"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">file</span></code></a> instances.</p> <p><a class="reference internal" href="#bz2.BZ2File" title="bz2.BZ2File"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">BZ2File</span></code></a> supports the <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/compound_stmts.html#with"><code class="xref std std-keyword docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">with</span></code></a> statement.</p> <div class="versionchanged"> <p><span class="versionmodified">Changed in version 2.7: </span>Support for the <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/compound_stmts.html#with"><code class="xref std std-keyword docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">with</span></code></a> statement was added.</p> </div> <div class="admonition note"> <p class="first admonition-title">Note</p> <p class="last">This class does not support input files containing multiple streams (such as those produced by the <strong class="program">pbzip2</strong> tool). When reading such an input file, only the first stream will be accessible. If you require support for multi-stream files, consider using the third-party <code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bz2file</span></code> module (available from <a class="reference external" href="https://pypi.org/project/bz2file">PyPI</a>). This module provides a backport of Python 3.3’s <a class="reference internal" href="#bz2.BZ2File" title="bz2.BZ2File"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">BZ2File</span></code></a> class, which does support multi-stream files.</p> </div> <dl class="method"> <dt id="bz2.BZ2File.close"> <code class="descname">close</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#bz2.BZ2File.close" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Close the file. Sets data attribute <code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">closed</span></code> to true. A closed file cannot be used for further I/O operations. <a class="reference internal" href="#bz2.BZ2File.close" title="bz2.BZ2File.close"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">close()</span></code></a> may be called more than once without error.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="bz2.BZ2File.read"> <code class="descname">read</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>size</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#bz2.BZ2File.read" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Read at most <em>size</em> uncompressed bytes, returned as a string. If the <em>size</em> argument is negative or omitted, read until EOF is reached.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="bz2.BZ2File.readline"> <code class="descname">readline</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>size</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#bz2.BZ2File.readline" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Return the next line from the file, as a string, retaining newline. A non-negative <em>size</em> argument limits the maximum number of bytes to return (an incomplete line may be returned then). Return an empty string at EOF.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="bz2.BZ2File.readlines"> <code class="descname">readlines</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>size</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#bz2.BZ2File.readlines" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Return a list of lines read. The optional <em>size</em> argument, if given, is an approximate bound on the total number of bytes in the lines returned.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="bz2.BZ2File.xreadlines"> <code class="descname">xreadlines</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#bz2.BZ2File.xreadlines" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>For backward compatibility. <a class="reference internal" href="#bz2.BZ2File" title="bz2.BZ2File"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">BZ2File</span></code></a> objects now include the performance optimizations previously implemented in the <code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xreadlines</span></code> module.</p> <div class="deprecated"> <p><span class="versionmodified">Deprecated since version 2.3: </span>This exists only for compatibility with the method by this name on <a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#file" title="file"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">file</span></code></a> objects, which is deprecated. Use <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">for</span> <span class="pre">line</span> <span class="pre">in</span> <span class="pre">file</span></code> instead.</p> </div> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="bz2.BZ2File.seek"> <code class="descname">seek</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>offset</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>whence</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#bz2.BZ2File.seek" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Move to new file position. Argument <em>offset</em> is a byte count. Optional argument <em>whence</em> defaults to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">os.SEEK_SET</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0</span></code> (offset from start of file; offset should be <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">&gt;=</span> <span class="pre">0</span></code>); other values are <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">os.SEEK_CUR</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">1</span></code> (move relative to current position; offset can be positive or negative), and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">os.SEEK_END</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">2</span></code> (move relative to end of file; offset is usually negative, although many platforms allow seeking beyond the end of a file).</p> <p>Note that seeking of bz2 files is emulated, and depending on the parameters the operation may be extremely slow.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="bz2.BZ2File.tell"> <code class="descname">tell</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#bz2.BZ2File.tell" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Return the current file position, an integer (may be a long integer).</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="bz2.BZ2File.write"> <code class="descname">write</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>data</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#bz2.BZ2File.write" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Write string <em>data</em> to file. Note that due to buffering, <a class="reference internal" href="#bz2.BZ2File.close" title="bz2.BZ2File.close"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">close()</span></code></a> may be needed before the file on disk reflects the data written.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="bz2.BZ2File.writelines"> <code class="descname">writelines</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>sequence_of_strings</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#bz2.BZ2File.writelines" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Write the sequence of strings to the file. Note that newlines are not added. The sequence can be any iterable object producing strings. This is equivalent to calling write() for each string.</p> </dd></dl> </dd></dl> </div> <div class="section" id="sequential-de-compression"> <h2>12.3.2. Sequential (de)compression<a class="headerlink" href="#sequential-de-compression" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> <p>Sequential compression and decompression is done using the classes <a class="reference internal" href="#bz2.BZ2Compressor" title="bz2.BZ2Compressor"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">BZ2Compressor</span></code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="#bz2.BZ2Decompressor" title="bz2.BZ2Decompressor"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">BZ2Decompressor</span></code></a>.</p> <dl class="class"> <dt id="bz2.BZ2Compressor"> <em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">bz2.</code><code class="descname">BZ2Compressor</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>compresslevel</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#bz2.BZ2Compressor" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Create a new compressor object. This object may be used to compress data sequentially. If you want to compress data in one shot, use the <a class="reference internal" href="#bz2.compress" title="bz2.compress"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">compress()</span></code></a> function instead. The <em>compresslevel</em> parameter, if given, must be a number between <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">1</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">9</span></code>; the default is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">9</span></code>.</p> <dl class="method"> <dt id="bz2.BZ2Compressor.compress"> <code class="descname">compress</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>data</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#bz2.BZ2Compressor.compress" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Provide more data to the compressor object. It will return chunks of compressed data whenever possible. When you’ve finished providing data to compress, call the <a class="reference internal" href="#bz2.BZ2Compressor.flush" title="bz2.BZ2Compressor.flush"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">flush()</span></code></a> method to finish the compression process, and return what is left in internal buffers.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="bz2.BZ2Compressor.flush"> <code class="descname">flush</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#bz2.BZ2Compressor.flush" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Finish the compression process and return what is left in internal buffers. You must not use the compressor object after calling this method.</p> </dd></dl> </dd></dl> <dl class="class"> <dt id="bz2.BZ2Decompressor"> <em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">bz2.</code><code class="descname">BZ2Decompressor</code><a class="headerlink" href="#bz2.BZ2Decompressor" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Create a new decompressor object. This object may be used to decompress data sequentially. If you want to decompress data in one shot, use the <a class="reference internal" href="#bz2.decompress" title="bz2.decompress"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">decompress()</span></code></a> function instead.</p> <dl class="method"> <dt id="bz2.BZ2Decompressor.decompress"> <code class="descname">decompress</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>data</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#bz2.BZ2Decompressor.decompress" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Provide more data to the decompressor object. It will return chunks of decompressed data whenever possible. If you try to decompress data after the end of stream is found, <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#exceptions.EOFError" title="exceptions.EOFError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">EOFError</span></code></a> will be raised. If any data was found after the end of stream, it’ll be ignored and saved in <code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">unused_data</span></code> attribute.</p> </dd></dl> </dd></dl> </div> <div class="section" id="one-shot-de-compression"> <h2>12.3.3. One-shot (de)compression<a class="headerlink" href="#one-shot-de-compression" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> <p>One-shot compression and decompression is provided through the <a class="reference internal" href="#bz2.compress" title="bz2.compress"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">compress()</span></code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="#bz2.decompress" title="bz2.decompress"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">decompress()</span></code></a> functions.</p> <dl class="function"> <dt id="bz2.compress"> <code class="descclassname">bz2.</code><code class="descname">compress</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>data</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>compresslevel</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#bz2.compress" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Compress <em>data</em> in one shot. If you want to compress data sequentially, use an instance of <a class="reference internal" href="#bz2.BZ2Compressor" title="bz2.BZ2Compressor"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">BZ2Compressor</span></code></a> instead. The <em>compresslevel</em> parameter, if given, must be a number between <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">1</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">9</span></code>; the default is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">9</span></code>.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="bz2.decompress"> <code class="descclassname">bz2.</code><code class="descname">decompress</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>data</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#bz2.decompress" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Decompress <em>data</em> in one shot. If you want to decompress data sequentially, use an instance of <a class="reference internal" href="#bz2.BZ2Decompressor" title="bz2.BZ2Decompressor"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">BZ2Decompressor</span></code></a> instead.</p> </dd></dl> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sphinxsidebar" role="navigation" aria-label="main navigation"> <div class="sphinxsidebarwrapper"> <h3><a href="../contents.html">Table Of Contents</a></h3> <ul> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#">12.3. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bz2</span></code> — Compression compatible with <strong class="program">bzip2</strong></a><ul> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#de-compression-of-files">12.3.1. (De)compression of files</a></li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#sequential-de-compression">12.3.2. Sequential (de)compression</a></li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#one-shot-de-compression">12.3.3. 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