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<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><title>Chapter 1. Introduction</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets Vsnapshot"><link rel="home" href="Linux-PAM_SAG.html" title="The Linux-PAM System Administrators' Guide"><link rel="up" href="Linux-PAM_SAG.html" title="The Linux-PAM System Administrators' Guide"><link rel="prev" href="Linux-PAM_SAG.html" title="The Linux-PAM System Administrators' Guide"><link rel="next" href="sag-text-conventions.html" title="Chapter 2. Some comments on the text"></head><body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Chapter 1. Introduction</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="Linux-PAM_SAG.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center"> </th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="sag-text-conventions.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></div><div class="chapter"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title"><a name="sag-introduction"></a>Chapter 1. Introduction</h1></div></div></div><p> <span class="emphasis"><em>Linux-PAM</em></span> (Pluggable Authentication Modules for Linux) is a suite of shared libraries that enable the local system administrator to choose how applications authenticate users. </p><p> In other words, without (rewriting and) recompiling a PAM-aware application, it is possible to switch between the authentication mechanism(s) it uses. Indeed, one may entirely upgrade the local authentication system without touching the applications themselves. </p><p> Historically an application that has required a given user to be authenticated, has had to be compiled to use a specific authentication mechanism. For example, in the case of traditional UN*X systems, the identity of the user is verified by the user entering a correct password. This password, after being prefixed by a two character ``salt'', is encrypted (with crypt(3)). The user is then authenticated if this encrypted password is identical to the second field of the user's entry in the system password database (the <code class="filename">/etc/passwd</code> file). On such systems, most if not all forms of privileges are granted based on this single authentication scheme. Privilege comes in the form of a personal user-identifier (UID) and membership of various groups. Services and applications are available based on the personal and group identity of the user. Traditionally, group membership has been assigned based on entries in the <code class="filename">/etc/group</code> file. </p><p> It is the purpose of the <span class="emphasis"><em>Linux-PAM</em></span> project to separate the development of privilege granting software from the development of secure and appropriate authentication schemes. This is accomplished by providing a library of functions that an application may use to request that a user be authenticated. This PAM library is configured locally with a system file, <code class="filename">/etc/pam.conf</code> (or a series of configuration files located in <code class="filename">/etc/pam.d/</code>) to authenticate a user request via the locally available authentication modules. The modules themselves will usually be located in the directory <code class="filename">/lib/security</code> or <code class="filename">/lib64/security</code> and take the form of dynamically loadable object files (see <span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">dlopen</span>(3)</span>). </p></div><div class="navfooter"><hr><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="Linux-PAM_SAG.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"> </td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="sag-text-conventions.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">The Linux-PAM System Administrators' Guide </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="Linux-PAM_SAG.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Chapter 2. Some comments on the text</td></tr></table></div></body></html>